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Social psychology
Psychology of more than one person
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Psychology of learning
Study of increases and decreases to the likelihood of given behavior
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Associationism
Stimuli become associated with one another
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Functionalism
Psychology considered in terms of functional role in adaptation to environment
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Social Facilitation
In presence of others, well-learned (dominant) responses exaggerated, subordinate responses suppressed
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Classical conditioning
Unconditioned stimuli elicit certain unconditioned automatic responses
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Group dynamics
- Behavior is a function of an individual person and his environment
- Attitudes/behaviors influenced by other individuals/groups
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Operant COnditioning/INstrumental learning
Law of Effect
Behavior is increased or decreased based on consequences
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INformal Social Communication
People are most influenced by those whom they interact most frequently
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Social Comparison
- In absence of objective physical standards, people compare themselves with similar others
- Upward - set goals
- Downward - look at self more positively
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Affiliation
Innate need to affiliate, especially in ambiguous situations and arousal
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Deinvididuation and Individuation
Withing groups - people have need to stand out and be lost in group
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Social Learning Theory
Law of effect applied to watching other's behaviors and consequences
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Cognitive Dissonace and Consistency (Balance Theory)
- Preference toward consistency
- Change in attitudes, beliefs to achieve lack of conflicting ideas
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Social Loafing, Bystander intervention
In group, individual responsibility minimized - take fewer risks to contribute
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Attribution and Misattribution
- Attribute own successes to individual factors
- Attribute own failures to external factors
- Vice versa for others
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Attitude Formation and Change
- Factors can affect success in persuading an audience
- Primacy/recency
- Two-sided arguments
- Source credibility
- Repetition
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Behavioral Economics
Likelihood of given behavior decreases as cost increases (not necessarily monetary cost)
Tend to overvalue immediate rewards, undervalue delayed rewards
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