When parental strands of DNA separate, serve as templates, and produce DNA molecules that have one strand of parental DNA and one strand of new DNA is called this.
semiconservative replication
enzyme that is responsible for unwinding and unzipping the double helix
helicase
enzyme that adds the new nucleotides to the parental strand of replicating DNA
DNA polymerase
this nucleic acid contains uracil instead of thymine, is single stranded, and made up of ribose sugar
RNA
this strand of RNA 'reads' the DNA information in the nucleus and then takes it out of the nucleus to the ribosome
mRNA
this RNA associates with proteins to form ribosomes in the cytoplasm
rRNA
smaller segments of RNA that transport amino acids to the ribosome
tRNA
process where mRNA is synthesized from DNA in the nucleus
transcription
What is the central dogma of biology?
process where proteins are made from DNA to RNA to ribosomes (protein production here)
sequences found on the DNA that do not get copied onto the RNA are called this
introns or intervening sequences
the coding sequences that get transferred from DNA to RNA are called this
exons
the three base code in DNA or mRNA that determines which amino acid will be used is called this
codon
process where the mRNA connects to a ribosome and is 'read' in order to build a protein
translation
the ability of a gene to regulate which genes are transcribed in response to the environment
gene regulation
a permanent change in the DNA
mutation
a substance that causes mutations in the DNA are called this
mutagen
4 types of mutations are
substitution
deletion
duplication
insertion
Adenine combines with ___ in DNA
thymine
Cytosine combines with _____ in DNA
guanine
Adenine combines with ____ in RNA
uracil
the three basic building blocks of DNA are these
phosphate
sugare (deoxyribose)
nucleotide (A,C,T,G)
Scientific team who discovered the double helix shape of DNA
Watson and Crick (1953)
Rule that states the combination pattern of A with T and C with G