-
Ace Inhibitors tend to have drugs that end in __________
-pril
-
3 actions of Ace Inhibitors:
Block angio conversion
- Block vasoconstriction
- (Decrease afterload)
- Block aldosterone release
- (Decrease preload)
-
Ace Inhibitor
Indications:
- HTN
- HF
- Post-MI
- Kidney protection
-
Ace Inhibitors
Side effects:
- Angioedema - life-threatening swelling of tongue, lips, airway
- HPN
- Hyponatremia
- Hyperkalemia
- Cough
-
Ace Inhibitors are contraindicated with _________ and __________
Renal artery stenosis
Pregnancy
-
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers tend to have drugs that end with
-sartan
-
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers
Method of action:
Block receptors instead of enzyme
-
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers
Side effect:
- Angioedema
- HPN
- Hyponatremia
- Hyperkalemia
-
Calcium channel blockers tend to have drugs that end in __________
-ipine
-
What are the two different types of calcium channel blockers?
- Dihydropyridines
- Non-Dihydropyridines
-
Calcium Channel Blockers - Dihydropyridines
What is the effect on afterload, BP and heart rate?
Decrease afterload and BP
No effect on heart rate
-
Calcium Channel Blockers - Dihydropyridines
Side effects:
Indications:
-
Calcium Channel Blockers - Non-Dihydropyridines
Method of action:
Decrease peripheral constriction
-
Calcium Channel Blockers - Non-Dihydropyridines
What are the effects on the heart rate, contractility and cardiac output?
- Decrease heart rate
- Decrease contractility
- Decrease cardiac output
-
Calcium Channel Blockers - Non-Dihydropyridines
Side effects:
- Constipation
- Bradycardia
- Heart block
- HF
-
Calcium Channel Blockers - Non-Dihydropyridines
Indications:
-
Beta blockers tend to have drugs that end in __________
-olol
-
Beta blockers
What are the actions of Beta 1 and Beta 2 block?
- Beta 1: Decrease contractility, heart rate, cardiac output
- Beta 2: Bronchoconstriction
-
Beta blockers
Side effects:
- Masks hypoglycemic response
- Bradycardia
- HPN
- Dyspnea
- Impaired perfusion
- Bronchospasm/Wheeze
-
Beta blockers
Indications:
-
What are first line therapies for HTN?
- Thiazides
- Beta Blockers
- Ace Inhibitors
- Angiotensin Receptor Blockers
- Calcium Channel Blockers
-
Thiazides increase the secretion of what electrolytes which does what to the volume and preload?
Decreases volume and preload
-
What is the second line therapy for HTN?
Combination of 2 first line therapies.
-
Third and Fourth line therapies for HTN consist mainly with what drugs?
- Alpha Blockers
- Vasodilators
- Centrally Acting Alpha2 Agonist
-
Alpha Blockers tend to have drugs that end in _________
-zosin
-
Alpha Blockers
Method of action:
- Block vasoconstriction
- Decrease preload
-
What are examples of vasodilators?
- Hydralazine (Apresoline)
- Minoxidil (Rogaine)
-
What effects do vasodilators have on preload and afterload?
- Possibly decrease preload.
- Decrease afterload.
-
What are examples of Centrally Acting Alpha2 Agonists?
-
Centrally Acting Alpha2 Agonists
What are the effects of the heart rate and contractility?
- Decreases heart rate
- Decreases contractility
-
Centrally Acting Alpha2 Agonists
Side effects:
- Anticholinergic
- (dry mouth, fatigue, depression)
-
Digoxin (Lanoxin)
Effects contractility:
Therapeutic index:
Increase contractility
0.5-2mg/ml
-
What drugs should be avoided in heart failure?
- Calcium Channel Blockers
- (Decrease contractility)
- NSAIDS
- (Sodium retention, increase afterload)
- Anti-Arrhythmics
- (Decrease contractility)
- Glitazones
- (Edema, fluid retention)
-
Nitroglycerin
What are the protocols of how to administer and how many times?
Give sublingually
One tab every 5 minutes x3
-
When taking Nitroglycerin, be sure the patient is NOT taking any ____________
- Medications for erectile dysfunction
- (Viagra, Levitra, Cialis)
-
What are the four meds for MI?
- Morphine
- Oxygen
- Nitroglycerin
- Aspirin
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