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What are the parts of the mediastinum?
- Superior
- Inferior (which is made of anterior, posterior and middle)
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What is in the superior mediastinum?
- Arch of aorta
- Brachiocephalic artery and veins
- Oesophagus
- Trachea
- Thymus
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The Superior Vena Cava is formed at this level
1st CC
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The SVC enters the atrium at this level
3rd CC
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The brachiocephalic vein is made of the Internal jugular and Subclavian behind this joint
Sternoclavicular (T2)
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The subclavian and Internal jugular veins come together to make this vein (starts with B)
Brachiocephalic
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What are those 3 big branches of the arch of the aorta?
- brachiocephalic artery
- Left common carotid
- Left subclavian
- (from right to left)
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In fetal life, this duct helped by-pass the lungs. It connects the left pulmonary artery and the inferior surface of arch of aorta.
Ductus arteriosis
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Where can you palpate the trachea?
Supra-sternal notch (T2)
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What do you call where the trachea divides?
Carina
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Which level does the trachea divide into left and right bronchi?
T4
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What can you find in the posterior mediastinum?
- Descending aorta
- Esophageal arteries
- Bronchial arteries
- Intercostals Subcostals arteries
- Vagus
- Esophagus
- Thoracic duct
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The aorta exits the thorax (passing behind the median arcuate ligament) at this level
T12
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What vertebral levels are the 3 narrowings of the oesophagus?
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What 3 things indent the esophagus?
- circopharyngeus
- Left bronchus
- Diaphram
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How many centimeters are the 3 narrowings of oesophagus?
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Which nodes drain the esophagus?
- left gastric
- mediastinal
- supraclavicula
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Special question haha: thoracic duct crosses from the right side to the left side at this vertebral level
T5
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Another name for the 10th cranial nerve
Vagus aka the Wanderer
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Where does the right crus originate?
L1, L2, L3
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Where does the left crus originate?
L1, L2
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What things go through the diaphram at T8
- Inferior vena cava
- R. phrenic nerve
- Lymph
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What structures go through the diaphram at T10?
- oesophagus
- vagus
- left gastrics
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What stuff goes through the diaphram at T12?
- aorta
- azygos veins
- hemiazygos veins
- thoracic duct
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What is the nerve supply to the diaphram?
Phrenic nerve (C3, 4, 5)
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