-
Sagittal Plane
A plane that divides the body into left and right portions
-
Sagittal Axis
A horizontal line extending from front to back, about which movements of abduction and adduction take place
-
Medial
Toward the mid-line
-
Rostal
Anterior part of the brain
-
Ventral
A synonym for anterior usually applied to the torso
-
Caudal
Downward, away from the head (toward the tail)
-
-
Bilateral
Pertaining to two sides
-
Lateral
Away from the mid-line
-
Unilateral
Pertaining to one side
-
-
Depression
Shoulders Down
-
-
-
-
Plantar Flexion
Toes Down
-
Inverted
Turned Inward (foot @ ankle joint)
-
Evert
Turned Outward (foot @ ankle joint)
-
Dorsal
Toward the Rear; relating to the back; Posterior
Also back of the hand and top of the foot
-
Antecubital
Anterior side of the elbow
-
Proximal
Nearer to the center or mid-line of the body, or to the thorax
-
Distal
Farther from the center or median line or from the thorax
-
Plantar
Sole side of the foot
-
Cranial
Upward, toward the head
-
-
Inferior
Away from the head
-
Anterior
Toward the front or Ventral surface
-
Posterior
Towards the back or Dorsal surface
-
Adduction
Toward the mid-line
-
Abduction
Away from the mid-line
-
Flexion
Bending or Angulation making angle of joint smaller
-
Extention
Making angle of joint longer
-
Prone
Forearm and hand turned palm side down; body lying face down
-
Supine
Forearm and hand turned palm side up; body lying face up
-
Coronal
A vertical plane perpendicular to the sagittal plane dividing the body into anterior and posterior portions, also called the frontal plane
-
Anatomical Position
Erect posture with face forward, arms @ sides, forearms supinated, fingers and thumbs in extention
"Thumbs Up"
-
Lordosis
An abnormality increased concavity in the curvature of the lumbar spine as viewed from the side
-
Kyphosis
A condition characterized by an abnormality; increased convexity in the curvature of the thoracic spine as viewed from the side
-
Prime Mover
A muscle that carries out an action
-
Synergist
A muscle that supports the prime mover
-
Antagonist
A muscle that performs the opposite action of the prime mover and synergist muscles
A muscle that works in opposition to another muscle; opponent
-
Coronal Axis
A horizontal line extending from side to side, around which the movements of flexion and extension take place
-
At what vertebral level does the thyroid cartilage lie?
C4-C5
-
Where is the apex of the lung located?
above the 1st rib
-
Where does the brachiocephalic veins unite to for the SVC?
At the level of the inferior border of the 1st right costal cartilage
-
Where does the superior vena cava terminate inferiorly?
At the level of the 3rd right costal cartilage
-
Where are the kidneys located?
T12-L3
-
At what vertebral level does the illiac crest lie?
L4
-
Where does the superior vena cava enter the right atrium?
opposite the 3rd right costal cartilage
-
Where is the cricoid cartilage located?
- At the level of C6
- Esophagus and Trachea start here as well
-
Where does the brachiocephalic trunk (artery) branch off?
only at the right
-
Where is the sternal angle (Angle of Louis) located?
-
Where does the abdominal aorta bifurcate?
At the level of L4 into the common illiac arteries (inferior vena cava) which bifurcate at the level of L5
-
Where is the start of the trachea?
Where does id bifurcate?
- Starts at the level of C6
- Bifurcates at the level of sternal angle (2nd rib, T4, Tranthoracic Plane)
-
The hepatic portal vein, a short, wide vein is formed by which two veins posterior to the neck and pancreas?
- Superior Messenteric Vein
- Splenic Vein
-
Where is the Hyoid Bone located?
At the level of C3
-
The superficial temporal artery is the smaller terminal branch of which artery?
External cartoid artery
-
Where does the apex of the heart lie posteriorly?
Left 5th intercostal space
-
Where are the gluteal dimples located?
just superior to PSIS
-
Where is the hepatic portal vein located?
- Close to the level of L1 vertebra
- Anterior to inferior vena cava and posterior to neck of pancreas where superior messenteric and splenic vein meet
-
Where are the renal arteries located?
At the level of L1-L2 IVD
-
What are the 4 lines (planes) that divide the 9 regions of the torso?
What are the location of these lines?
- 2 midclavicular lines, midpoint of clavicle and midpoint of inguinal ligament
- Transpyloric Plane, lies on L1 vertebrae level or 9th costal cartilage
- Intertubercular plane, L5 vertebral level
-
Name the 9 regions of the torso divide by the 4 line (planes)
- Hypochondriac Epigastric Hypochondriac
- Flank Umbilical Flank
- Inguinal Hypogastric Inguinal
-
Level of the PSIS
2nd sacral foramen
-
Indentify all cranial nerves, Motor? Sensory? Both?
- OOOTTAFAGVAH
- 1. Olfactory (S - nose)
- 2. Optic (S - eye)
- 3. Oculomotor (M - eye)
- 4. Trochlear (M - eye)
- 5. Trigeminal (B - face)
- 6. Aducens (M - eye)
- 7. Facial (B - face)
- 8. Autidor / Vestibular (S - ear)
- 9. Glossopharyngeal (B - tongue)
- 10. Vagus (B - organs)
- 11. Accesory Nerve (Spinal) (M - neck / SCM)
- 12. Hypoglossal (M - tongue)
-
What are the only arteries in the whole body deficient in oxygen?
Pulmonary arteries
-
What are the only veins in the whole body with rich oxygenated blood?
Pulmonary veins
-
External carotid branches to where?
- Superficial arteries of the face
- Superficial temporal arteries
-
Where is teh sacral plexus (nerves) located?
L4-Coccyx 1 nerve
-
Where is the lumbar plexus (nerves) located?
T12-L4 nerve
-
Where is the cervical plexus (nerves) located?
anterior rami of C1-C4 nerves
-
Where the sound of the mitral valve closure is loudest
Apex Beat
-
What provides innervation for most of the upper limbs?
- brachial plexus (C5-T1 nerves)
- passes between 1st rib, clavicle and superior border of scapula to enter axilla
-
What artery supplies the psoas major and quadratus lumborum muscles?
Illiolumbar artery
-
The vertebral artery runs through foramen transversarium from which vertebrae?
C1-C6
-
Structures passing from or to the thorax to or from the abdomen pass through openings that traverse the diaphragm
- esophagus
- inferior vena cava
- aorta
-
The 3rd part of the subclavian artery passes through where, superiorly?
- Greater supraclavicular fossa
- Omoclavicular triangle
-
Where is the tricuspid orifce located?
- 4th and 5th intercostal space
- Between right atrium and right ventricle
-
Where is the mitral valve located?
Between left artrium and left ventricle at the level of the 4th intercostal space
-
What vein leaves the anterior cervical region by passing deep to SCM and inferiorly between the SCM's two heads?
Internal Jugular Vein
-
Border os the Superior Thoracic Apeture (throacic inlet)
- 1. Posteriorly, T1 vertebra
- 2. Laterally, 1st pair of ribs and costal cartilages
- 3. Anteriorly, superior border of the manubrium
-
Borders of the inferior throacic apeture (thoracic outlet)
- 1. Posteriorly, T12 vertebra
- 2. Posteriolaterally, 11th and 12th ribs (floating)
- 3. Anteriolaterally, ribvs 7-10 (joined ribs)
- 4. Anteriorly, xiphisternal joint, T9 (xiphoid / sternum)
-
Internal carotid goes where?
Brain, forming anterior and medial cerebral artery
-
The phrenic nerve (C3-C5 nerves) are the sole motor supply to what?
diaphragm
-
What is the order of th major structures in the superior mediastinum from anterior to posterior?
- 1. Thymus
- 2. Veins
- 3. Arteries
- 4. Airways
- 5. Alimentary tract (digestive tract)
- 6. Lymphatic trunks
-
Where is the superior mediastinum located?
Superior to transverse thoracic plane, pass through the sternal angle (at T4 and T5)
|
|
