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digoxin (Lanoxin)
cardiac glycoside
- Action: increases myocardial contraction, cardiac output, decreases ventr, rate
- use: to treat HF, atrial tachy, flutter, or fib.
- Side effects: anorexia, N, V, headache, blurred vision, halos, fatigue, confusion
- Adverse: Brady, visual disturb, *AV block, cardiac dys
- Contra: V dys, 2nd or 3rd heart block, renal disease, low potassium
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hydrochlorothiazide (Diuril)
Thiazide diuretic
- Action: distal tubules, sodium, potassium, water excretion, decrease preload & cardiac output
- Use: increase urine output, treat HTN, edema from HF, cirrhosis, renal dysfunction
- Side effects: dizziness, vertigo, weakness, N, V, D, hyperglycemia, C, rash
- Adverse: Severe dehydration, hypotension,
- Contra: renal failure, hepatic cirrhosis, diabetes, gout, lupus
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furosemide (Lasix)
loop diuretic
- Action: Inhibits sodium and water reabsorption from the loop of Henle & distal tubules
- Use: to treat fluid retention/ caused by HF, renal dysfunction, cirrhosis, HTN, pulmonary edema
- Side effects: N, D, vertigo, cramping, rash, headache, weakness, blurred vision
- Adverse: severe dehydration, hypotension, *renal failure, thrombocytopenia
- Contra: severe electrolyte imbalance, hypovolemia, anuria, hepatic coma, sensitivity to sulfa
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triamterene (Aldactone)
potassium sparing diuretic
- Action: acts on distal tubules to promote sodium & water excretion, potassium retention
- Use: increase urine output, treat fluid retention
- Side effects: N, V, D, rash, dizziness, headache, weakness, drymouth
- Adverse: *severe hyperkalemia, thrombocytopenia, megaloblastic anemia
- Contra: Severe kidney or hepatic disease, severe hyperkalemia Caution: renal or hepatic dysfunction, diabetes
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mannitol (Osmitrol)
Osmotic diuretic
- Action: inhibits reabsorption of electrolytes & water, affects pressure of glomerular
- Use: to treat increased intracranial pressure, cerebral edema
- Side effect: temp volume expansion, hypo/hypernatremia, kalemia, dehydration, blurred vision, dry mouth
- Adverse: Pulmonary congestion, fluid/electro imbalance, *convulsions
- Contra: hypersensitive, dehydration, preg, breast, intracranial bleeding
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nitroglycerine (Nitrostat)
antianginal
- Action: decreases myocardial demand for oxygen, decreases preload by dilating veins-decreases afterload
- Use: to control angine pectoris
- Side effects: N, V, headache, dizziness, syncope, weakness, flush, confusion, pallor, dry mouth
- Adverse: Hypotension, reflex tachy, paradoxical brady, *circulatory collapse
- Contra: marked hypotension, AMI, increases intracranial presure, severe anemia, renal or hepatic dis.
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acebutolol (Sectral)
beta1 blocker, beta antagonist
- Action: blocks beta1 in cardiac tissues
- Use: to aid in treatment of stable vent dys, angina pectoris, hypertension
- Side effects: dizziness, N, headache, hypotension, diaphoresis, fatigue, C, D, impotence
- Adverse: palpitations w/withdrawl, *agranulocytosis, bronchospasm
- Contra: 2nd & 3rd heart block, severe brady, HF cardiogenic shock, major surgery, renal hepatic impair,
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