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Which Pair of mammae develop in...
Porcine:
Ungulates:
- Porcine: Thoracic (thoracoinguinal) Pair
- Ungulates: Inguinal Pair
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Where are supernumerary teats found in...
Cows:
Ewe/Doe:
- Cow: Caudo-Ventral surface of the udder
- Ewe/Doe: Cranial
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Number of mammae in...
Cow:
Small Ruminants:
Sow:
Mare:
- Cow: 4
- Small Rum: 2
- Sow: 10-18
- Mare: 2
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Which species have hemispherical mammae?
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Which species have pendulous, sac-like mammae?
Nanny
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How many Mammae do cows have?
2 pairs
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How many mammary glands/mammae in the cow?
1 mammary gland/mammae
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How many mammae do ewes have?
2
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Each mammae of the ewe contains:
- 1 Lactiferous Sinus
- 1 Papillary duct
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How many pairs of mammae does the sow have?
5-7 pairs
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How many mammary gland per mamma in the Sow?
How Many Teat Orifices?
- 2-3 mammary glands/mamma
- 2-3 teat orifices/mamma
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How many mammae do Nannies have?
2, 1 pair
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How many mammary glands/mammae are found in the Nanny?
6-9 mammary glands/mammae
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In the cow, the mammae may extent from ___ to ___
Umbilicus to Labia
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What divides the L & R halves of the bovine mammae?
Median Intermammary Groove
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Each half of the cow's mammae is divided into ___& ____
Fore- and Hind-quarters
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What divides the Fore- & Hind-Quarters of the cow's mammae
Transverse Intermammary Groove
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Which parts of the cow's mammae have distinct duct systems, yet the groove is poorly defined?
Fore & Hind quarters
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Why is the tranverse intermammary groove poorly defined?
The glandular Tissue intermingels
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Tissue layer contents/characterisitics of the cow's teats:
- Skin Sensitive
- Middle layer of CT, Smooth muscle fibers & Highly coiled, thick walled veinsInner Layer Mucosal lining of Lactiferous sinus
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What can induce a hard milker?
- Rosette of Furstenberh
- Tight Papillary Sphincter
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(Pathway of milk through the mammary gland)
- Alveolus
- Intralobular Duct
- Interlobular Duct
- Lactiferous
- Lactiferous Sinus
- Gland Sinus
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Two parts of the Lactiferous Sinus are the ____ & ____
- Glandular Sinus & Papillary Sinus
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Where can excessive bleeding occur within the teat?
At the venous plexus within in the Mucosal Fold btw the Papillary and Glandular Sinuses
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What forms the palpable milk nodes?
Dilated and Constricted Segments of the lactiferous Ducts
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The suspensary apparatus is composed of:
- Lateral Lamina
- Medial Lamina
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Which Lamina of the cow's suspensory App arises from the Deep Fascia of the Abd Wall & Symphyseal Tendon & contains BV, Nerves, & Paranchyma
Lateral Lamina
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Whichl Lamina of the cow's suspensary App contains Yellow Elastic Tissue
Yellow Elastic Tissue
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Heavy teats will point in which direction?
Ventro-Laterally
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In the cow suspensary App, each Lamina is seperated by...
Loose CT
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In the cow's suspensary app, the lamina are thickest at which end?
Proximally
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Within the cow's Suspensory App, what are the lamina that project into the substance of the udder?
Suspensary Lamllae
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To produce 1L of milk, how many L of blood must pass through the cow's udder?
30-500L blood
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Major blood supply to the cow's udders
External Pudendal
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In the cow, the External Pudendal A gives rise to:
- Cranial Mammary A (AKA Superficial Caudal Epigastric)
- Caudal Mammary A
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What forms the Arterial Circle within the cow's udder?
- Mammary Arteries
- Areas of Anastomoses
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What other A supplies a small amount to the cow's udders?
Internal Pudendal
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The Cranial Mammary A (Superficial Caudal Epigastric) in the cow anastomoses with the
Superficial Cranial Epigastric
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Milk Vein=
Cranial Superficial Epigastric (AKA Subcutaneous Anbdominal Vein)
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Venous Drainage from the Cows udder (5):
- Veinous Ring
- Ca Superficial Epigastric
- Cr Superficial Epigastric
- Milk Well
- Internal thoracic
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In the cow's udder, where can blood flow in either direction?
Superficial Caudal Epigastric V
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What supplies sympathetic innervation to the skin, Middle/Caudal parts of the udder & Parenchyma of the udder?
Genitofemoral N
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What supplies innervation to the skin and teats of the Cr udder in the cow?
- Iliohypogastric (L1)
- Ilioinguinal (L2)
- Cr Branch of the Genitofemoral (L3)
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What supplies the Caudal Aspect of the Udder's skin in the cow?
Mammary Branch of the Perineal (pudendal)
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How many Superficial Inguinal Lnn's are found in...
Cow:
Ewe/Nanny:
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The Superficial Inguinal/Mammary lnns drain:
- Udder
- Perineum
- Medial Aspect of the thigs
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Superficial Inguinal Ln Efferents to the
Deep Inguinal Ln (iliofemoral)
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Clinical Significance of the Deep Inguinal lnns
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What additional ln drains thoracic and cranial abd mammae in pigs?
Axillary LN
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Lumbar/High Epidural Block
Site of injection:
Nerves blocked:
- Site of injection: Btw L1 & L2 Spinous Process
- Nerves blocked: T13, 1 & L2
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With which epidural block can a larger amount of anesthetic be used?
High Epidural
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High Epidural block desensitizes which areas (5)?
- Abd
- Inguinal
- Scrotum
- Penis/Udder
- Hindlimb
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Which block is used more often for goats, sheep and pigs?
Lumbosacral Block
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Sacrocaudal/Low Epidural Block
Injection Site:
Nerves Blocked:
- Site: Cd1 & Cd2
- Nerves: Last 3 Sacral
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Low Epidural Block Desensitizes which areas (3)?
- F Tubular Genitalia
- Rectum
- Perineal
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Which block is facilitated by lifting the tail head and locating a kink?
Sacrocaudal/Low Epidural
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When should extra measures be taken to mastitis?
- Dry Period
- Near Calving
- Early Lactation
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