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chromosome
one of the structures in the nucleus that are made up of DNA & protein
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Histone
A type of protein molecule found in the chromsome
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Chromatid
1 of the 2 strands of a chromosome that become visible suring meiosis or mitosis
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Centromere
the region of the chromosome that holds the 2 sister chromatids together suring mitosis
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Chromatin
the materical that makes up both mitotic and interphase chromosomes
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Sex Chromosomes
one of the pair of chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual
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Autosome
Any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome
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Homologous Chromosome
Chromesomes that have the same sequence of genes, same structure, & fair during meiosis
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Karyotype
micrograph of the array of chromosomes visible during metaphase
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Diploid
a cell that contains 2 haploid sets of a chomesome
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haploid
describes a cell, nucleus, or organism that has only one set of unpaired chromosomes
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Binary Fission
a form of a sexual reproduction in a single celled organism
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mitosis
a process of cell division that forms 2 new nuclei, each has the same # of chromosomes
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meiosis
process in cell divison, # of chromosomes decrease to 1/2 orginal # by 2 divisons of nucleus
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gamete
a haploid reproductive cell that unites w/another haploid reproductive cell to form a zygate
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interphase
a period between2 mitotic or meiotic divisons during which cells grow, copy DNA, synthasize protein
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asexual reproduction
reproduction that does not involvethe union of gametes, single parent produces exact copy
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prophase
1st stage of mitosis & meiosis in cell division
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spindle fiber
1 of the micro-tubules that extend across a dividing cell
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metaphase
1 of the stages of mitosis & meiosis, all of the chromosomes move to the cell's equator
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anaphase
a phase of mitosis & meiosis in which chromosomes separate
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cytokinesis
the divison of the cytoplasma of a cell
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telophase
final stage of mitosis or meiosis. nuclear membrane forms around each new set of chromosomes
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cell plate
precuror to new plant cell wall. forms during cell divison & divides a cell in 2
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tetrad
4 chromatids in a pair of homologous chromosomes that come together because of syrapsis duringmeiosis
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crossing over
the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis
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genetic recombination
the regrouping of genes in an offspring that results in a genetic makeup that is different from that of the parents
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independent assortment
random distribution of pairs of genes on diff chromosomes to the gametes
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polar body
short-lived product of the formation of gametes by meiosis
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sexual reproduction
reproduction in which gametes from 2 parents unite
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