cognitive approach

• Personal constructs
• funamental postulates
• fixed role therapy

• ABC
• flooding
• rational humorus songs
• cognitive therapies
• asked out 100 women in a month

Transference (dejavu effect)

• hyper-sensitivity of unwanted thoughts
• white bear study

gender schemas

• people see the world through their own general beliefs
• we interpret things based on our general beliefs

we are attracted to those with similar personal constructs

• your main "thesis"
• idea that an individual is most proud of

• faulty personal construct
• doesn not match up with reality

• replace faulty constructs with more realistic ones
• either discard it or change it to match with reality

• A+B=C
• A-Activating experience (people think this is the real problem)
• B-Irrational Belief (Ellis believes this is the real problem)
• C- Consequential emotions (must be an emotion

• irrational beliefs
• lies in the unconscious
• more powerful can't be easily diluted by magic

rational humourous songs

• changing thought processes
• replacing irrational thoughts with more realistic ones

the patient comes up with a different character that thinks rationaly and the patient is encouraged to try and become that person

• looking for faulty construts by testing to see peoples personal constructs
• the client lists 24 people and the therapist takes 3 of those names and asks the client to compare 2 of them to the remaining 1

• walking a mile in someones shoes
• role playing
• making up and acting as a character who has the opposite personal construct from the irrational belief
• purpose is to reduce slipping back into original belief over time

ABC therapy

• self talk
• often negative
• change to a positive monologue to attack irrational belief to promote a rational belief

• different from psychodynamic version
• If we meet someone (for the first time) who is similar to someone significat in our lives we are likely to think that person is actually similar to that same person

• when we try to think about getting rid of an unwanted thought we actually think about it much more
• white bear study

• people had to sit in a room and could think about everything except white bears and recorded every time it happened
• one group was specifically told not to think about white bears

cognitive structures that help us percieve information quicker but sometimes inaccurately

bringing something to mind

• androgyny research (masculinity and femininity)
• sex-typed individuals
• world is viewed based on gender-stereotype schema
• more sensitive to societal gender norms
• more likely to confuse members of same gender

• selective attention (more likely to pay attention to negative things)
• negative interpretation (enhanced memory on negative experiences)

• idea was that behavior determines thoughts
• one group had to hold a pen between teeth without (simulated smiling) biting it while listening to jokes and rating the jokes on how funny it was
• other group did the same thing but held pen with lips
• first group found jokes more funny