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Nervous system is divided into what parts?
- CNS or central nervous system and
- PNS or peripheral nervous system
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CNS consists of what?
brain and spinal cord
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PNS consists of what?
crnial nerves (carry impulses between brain, neck & head) and spinal nerves (carry messages between spinal cord and abdomen, limbs and chest)
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Nervous systema & endocrine system cooperate in doing what?
regulating and controlling activities of the other body systems
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brain
major portion of cns
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cerebrum
largest portion of brain which s divided into left and right hemispheres.
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cerebrum controls what?
skeletal muscles; interprets general senses (temp, pain, touch); contains centers for sight & hearing. Intellect, memory & emotional reactions take place in the cerebrum.
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ventricles
spaces within brain that contain cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). CSF flows through the subarachnoid space around the brain and spinal cord
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cerebellum
located under posterior portion of cerebrum. AKA > hindbrain
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cerebellum does what?
assists in coordination of skeletal muscles and maintains our balance.
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brainstem
stemlike portion of brain that connects with spinal cord; 10 of 12 cranial nerves orginate here.
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pons
means bridge...it connects cerebrum with the cerebellum and brainstem
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medulla oblongata
located between pons and spinal cord.
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what does medulla oblongata do?
contains centers that control respiration, heart rate, blood vessell wall muscles that assist in determining blood pressure.
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mibrain
most superior portion of the brainstem
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CSF (cerebrospinal fluid)
cushions brain and spinal cord from shock, transports nutrients and clears metabolic waste. Should be clear/colorless.
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spinal cord
passes through vertebral canal from medulla oblongata to the second lumbar vertebra.
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what does spinal cord do?
conducts nerve impulses to and from brain and initiates reflex action to sensory info without info from brain.
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meninges
3 layers of membrane that cover brain and spinal cord
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dura mater
tough outer layer of meninges
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arachnoid
delicate middle layer of meninges. It is loosely attached to the pia mater by weblike fibers wheich allow for the subarachnoid space.
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pia mater
thin inner layer of meninges
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nerve
cordlike structure that carries impulses from one body part to another. 12 pair of cranial nerves and 31 pair of spinal nerves
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ganglion (pl. ganglia)
group of nerve cell bodies located outside of the CNS.
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gangli/o, ganglion/o
ganglion
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meningi/o, mening/o
meninges
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esthesi/o
sensation, sensitivity, feeling
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-iatrist
specialist , physician
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-iatry
treatment, specialty
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cerebellitis
inflammation of cerebellum
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cerebral thrombosis
abnormal condition of blood clot in cerebrum...type of ischemic stroke
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duritis
inflammation of dura mater
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encephalitis
inflammation of brain
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encephalomalacia
softening of brain
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encephalomyeloradiculitis
inflammation fo brain, spinal cord and nerve roots
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gangliitis
inflammation ofganglion
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glioblastoma
tumor composed of developing glial tissue....most malignant and common primary brain tumor
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glioma
tumor composed of the glial tissue...term used to describe all primary neoplasms of the brain and spinal cord.
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meningitis
inflammation of meninges, slow growing and benign
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meningioma
tumor of meninges
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meningocele
protrusion of the meninges and spinal cord through the vertebral column....AKA myelomeningocele
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mononeuropathy
disease affecitng a single nerve, such as carpal tunnel syndrome
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neurasthenia
nerve weakness
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neuritis
inflammation of nervee
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neuroarthropathy
disease of nerves and joints
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neuroma
tumor made up of nerve cells
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poliomyelitis
inflammation of the gray matter of spinal cord
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polyneuritis
inflammation of many nerves
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polyneuropaty
disease of many nerves
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radiculitis
inflammation of nerve roots
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rhizomeningomyelitis
inflammation of nerve root, meninges and spinal cord
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subdural hematoma
pertaining to below the dura mater....collection of blood resulting from broken blood vessel below the dura mater
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Alzheimer disease (AD)
disease characterized by early senility, confusion, loss of recognition of persons or familiar surroundings, restlessness and impaired memory
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epilepsy
disorder in whihc main syptom is recurring seizures
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hydrocephalus
increased amt of cerebrospinal fluid in ventricles of brain which can cause enlargement of the cranium in infants...literally means water in the head
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ganglionectomy
excision of a ganglion, aka called gangliectomy
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neurectomy
excision of a nerve
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neurolysis
separating a nerve from adhesions
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neuroplasty
surgical repair of nerve
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neurorrhaphy
suture of a nerve
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neurotomy
incision into nerve
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radicotomy, rhizotomy
incision into a nerve root
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electroencephalograph
instrument used to record the electrical impulses of the brain
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CT Scan...computed tomography of the brain
process that includes the use of a computer to produce series of brain tissue images at any desired depth....noninvasive, painless and useful in diagnosing brain tumors
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MRI Scan..magnetic resonance imaging of the brain or spine
a noninvasive technique that produces sectional images of soft tissues of the brain or spine through a strong magnetic field. Unlike a CT scan, MRI produces images WITHOUT use of radiaition. Used to visualize tumors, edema, MS and herniated discs.
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anesthesia
without feeling or sensation
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aphasia
condition of without speaking ( loss or impairment of ability to speak)
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cephalalgia
pain in head, headache, aka cephalgia
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cerebral
pertaining to cerebrum
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craniocerebral
pertaining to cranium and cerebrum
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dysphasia
condition of difficulty speaking
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encephalosclerosis
hardening of brain
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hemiparesis
slight paralysis of half of body (right or left)
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hemiplegia
paralysis of right or left side of body, stroke is most common cause
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hyperesthesia
excessive sensitivity to stimuli
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interictal
occurring between seizures or attacks
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intracerebral
pertaining to within the cerebrum
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monoparesis
slight paralysis of one limb
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myelomalacia
softening of spinal cord
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neuroid
resembling a nerve
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neurologist
physician who studies and treats diseases of the nerves
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neurology
study of nerves
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panplegia
total paralysis (aka pamplegia)
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paresthesia
abnormal sensation such as burning, prickling or tingling, often in extremities...may be caused by nerve damage or peripheral neuropathy
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postictal
occurring after a seizure or attack
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preictal
occuring before a seizure or attack
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quadriplegia
paralysis of four limbs
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subdural
pertaining to below the dura mater
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concussion
jarring or shaking that results in an injury.....caused by slight or severe head injury; symptoms include vertigo, headache, and loss of consciousness
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psychiatrist
physician who studies and treats disorders of the mind
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psychiatry
specialty of the mind
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psychogenic
originating in the mind
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psychopathy
any disease of the mind
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psychosis (pl. psychoses)
abnormal condition of the mind (major mental disorder characterized by extreme derangement often with delusions and hallucinations)
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