-
-
-
-
-
propylene glycol
humectant, cosolvent, penetration enhancer
-
-
retinol (Vitamin A)
humectant
-
pantothenol (Vit B5)
humectant
-
oils, lipids, fatty acids
emollients
-
-
dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)
penetration enhancers
-
ethanol
cosolvent, penetration enhancer
-
lecithin (phosphatidylcholine and fatty acid diglycerides)
surfactants, penetration enhancer
-
methyl/propyl parabens
preservative
-
benzyl alcohol
preservative
-
chlorobutanol
preservative
-
chlorocresol
preservative
-
benzalkonium chloride
preservative
-
lanolin alcohol
polar constituent to add hydrophilicity
-
-
stearyl alcohol
emulsifier
-
-
potassium hydroxide
buffer
-
sodium lauryl sulphate
emulsifier, anionic SAA
-
cetosteryl alcohol
emulsifier
-
cetomacrogol 1000
emulsifier, non-ionic SAA
-
-
isopropyl palmitate
solubilizer, emollient
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