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Two rounded projections on either side of the foramen magnum that fit into a pair of sockets on the top of the spine, thus articulating the skull with the spine.
occipital condyles
-
A large opening in the occipital bone at the base of the skull through which the spinal chord passes.
foramen magnum
-
The muscle in the back of the neck that functions to hold the head up. In primates with heavy facial skeletons, it attaches to nucal crest.
nuchal muscle
-
Flange of the occipital region of the skull that serves as the attachment of the nucal musculature of the back of the neck.
nuchal crest
-
A jutting forward of the facial skeleton and jaws.
prognathism
-
number of seperate bone in the human skull...
...adult teeth?
-
in pronograde animals; position of occipital condyles and foramen magnum...
...condition of nuchal apparatus...2
- far to rear of skull
- powerful nucal muscles
- prominent nucal crest
-
in orthograde animals; position of occipital condyles and foramen magnum...
...condition of nucal apparatus in gorillas...2
...in humans...
- forward on the skull (central in humans)
- powerful nucal muscles (to support facial skeleton)
- prominent nucal crest
- absence of prominent nucal crest (balanced position of skull)
-
location of the eyes of most primates...
on the front of the head
-
skeletal feature of the anthropoid eye...
encased in eye socket (closed orbits)
-
primates general reduction in olfaction results in....
reduced prognathism (flattening of the face)
-
prognathism of the baboon and gorilla are the result of...
the massiveness of the teeth and jaw
-
within the middle ear, the eardrum is supported by an incomplete bony ring that is encased in a closed chamber...
{replace the blue words}
- tymapnic membrane
- ectotmpanic bone + three middle ear bones
- auditory bulla
-
The anterior of the three swellings in the hollow nerve cord of the primative vertabrate brain formed by a thickening of the wall of the nerve cord.
forebrain
-
The middle fo the three swellings in the hollow nerve cord of the primative vertebrate brainformed by a thickening of the wall of the nerve cord.
midbrain
-
The posterior of three swellings in the hollow nerve cord of the primative vertebrate brain formed by a thickening of the wall of the nerve cord.
hindbrain
-
Grey covering on the cerebrum of some vertebrates; site of higher mental processes
neocortex
-
the "greymatter" of the brain; the center of conscious evaluation, planning, skill, speech, and other higher mental activities.
cerebral cortex
-
features of the primative vertebrate brain...4
- hollow nerve cord
- forebrain swelling
- midbrain swelling
- hindbrain swelling
-
the three sections that developed in the forebrain...
- thalamus
- cerebral hemispheres
- olfactory bulbs
-
the special structure that developed in the midbrain...
optic lobes
-
the two structures that developed in the hindbrain...
- cerebellum
- medula oblongata
-
beginning in reptiles, this structure appears as a grey covering on the cerebrum...
neocortex
-
in modern mammals, visual stimuli are revieved by the...
cerebral cortex
-
Pattern of growth whereby different parts of the body grow at different rates with respect to each other.
allometric growth
-
A number reflecting the increase in brain sixe over and beyond that explainable by increase in body size.
encephalization quotient
-
The knowledge and images that originate in an individual's brain that are transferred by speech (and in the last 5000 years writing) to the brains of others.
social intelligence
-
The volume of the brain case of the skull.
cranial capacity
-
A cast of the inside of the brain case.
endocranial cast
-
the surface area of the cerebral cortex of the suborder Anthropoidea is increased by...
convolutions
-
in humans, th cerbral cortex covers these two areas of brain...
-
two behaviors that have affected the evolution of the human brain...
-
two cortical areas of the human brain that are at least three times more extensive than they are in ape brains...
- those associated w/hand coordination
- and language
-
how long ago did humans start writing?
5000 years ago
-
average cranial capacity of modern humans...
...range...
-
does brain size coorelate with "intelligence"?
no.
-
The premolars and molars.
cheek teeth
-
-
Animals that eat primarily insects; also members of the mammalian order incectivora.
Insectivores
-
Animals that eat primarily leaves.
folivores
-
Animals that eat a variety of different kinds of food.
omnivores
-
Formal designation of the types and numbers of teeth.
dental formula
-
the tooth row as seen from above
dental arcade
-
A space between teeth.
diastema
-
Unicuspid first lower premolar with a shearing edge.
sectorial permolar
-
Pattern found on molar with five cusps seperated by grooves reminiscent of the letter Y.
Y-5 pattern
-
A bony buttress on the inner surface of the foremost part of the ape mandible, functioning to reinforce the mandible.
simian shelf
-
mammals are characterised by this kind of dentition in which regional teeth are differentiated into different kinds that serve different functions.
...and the development of two sets of teeth...
-
primate tooth structure is fairly a. specialized b. unspecialized
b. unspecialized
-
primates that mostly eat seeds and grasses have a. smaller b. larger incisors that those that eat primarily fruit...
a. smaller
-
two functions of canines...
- tearing, ripping, grasping, stabbing food
- dysplay
-
in what suborder are canines ofter larger in males than in females?
suborder Anthropoidea
-
-
dental formula for the common ancestor of living placental mammals...
3.1.4.3
-
low cusped molars indicate what kind dietary pattern?
frugivore
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