PHAR 100 CH 16

• Digestion begin in the mouth.
• Absorption of nutrients occurs in the small intestine.
• Reabsorption of water occurs in the large intestine.

• 1. Trainning our immune system
• 2. Inhibiting growth of pathogenic organisms.
• 3. Manufacture of vitamins- Vitamin K

Allergies

Stomach Acid

Kills many infectuous organisms. But also harmful to unprotected digestive tissue.

Protects the linig of the GI tract from gastric acid.

Constantly forming new cells that line the stomach.

• Peptic ulcer disease (PUD)
• Gastro Esophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
• Hiatal Hernia

• Over 60% associated w infection by
• bacterium.
• 20% caused by Anti inflamatory medicines.
• 15% smoking related.

Treatment antibiotics and anti ulcer drugs.

Gastro-Esophogeal Reflux Disease-


HEARTBURN

• Antacids
• Histamine-2 Blocking agents
• Proton pump inhibitors
• Gastric mucosal agents

• Neutralize (Buffer) stomach acid.
• Many OTC brands
• Relieve pain, Promote ulcer healing.
• SE: Constipation

Antacids decrease effectiveness of almost all other oral medications.

Decrease acid production by blocking the action of histamine-2 in the parietal cells of the stomach.

• cimetidine (Tagamet)
• ranitidine (Zantac)

• Mental confusion in elderly
• May decrease intrinsic factor production

For short term use only

• omeprazole (Prilosec)
• rabeprazole (Aciphex)

SE's: Lower intrinsic factor- Pernicuous anemia.

• Contains Prostaglandin- E
• PG-E Stimulates mucous production in the stomach.

• Uterine contractions
• Spontaneous abortion

NEVER give to pregnant woman

• Bins to acids and forms a paste that sticks to ulcer sites.
• Give on empty stomach
• SE's: RARE

• Viral- Most common
• Bacterial- Salmonella (FOOD), cholera (WATER), Dysentary.
• Malabsorption
• Irritable bowel

Dyphenoxylate with atropine (Lomotil)

Decreases smooth muscle action. Allows more water absorption from stool.

Many OTC brands

Contraindications: Colitis

Natural bacterium that hels restore normal intestinal flora in patients taking antibiotics.

Indications: Post operative gas, infant colic

• Improper diet- too little resiue/ fiber
• Insufficient fluid intake.
• Lack of activity

• Bulk forming laxatives
• Stool Softeners
• Emollients
• Saline Cathartics
• Stimulant Cathartics
• Ostomic Laxatives

• Common OTC preparation
• Seeds swell to form a gel that softens the stool.

• Fecal softener
• Non irritating and non bulk creating
• Safer in cardiac patients (less straining)

Caution lower absorption of ADEK with long term use.

• Commonly used in preoperative bowel preps.
• Increases bowel water retention
• Stimulates evacuation.

SE's: Electrolyte imbalnace, Not for long term use.

• Prouce strong intestinal contractions.
• Habit forming: Caution in patients with eating disorders.

• Promotes water retention in stool
• (Similar to saline cathartics)

Stimulates evacuation

Nausea, Vommitting, motion sickness.

• ondansetron (Zofran)
• prochlorperazine (Compazine)

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