Geology

GW that flows freely from rock. Where topography (cliff or hillside intersect aquifer.

Small aquifer sitting on an aquitard.

6-9 Degrees warmer than average annual air temp.

• Cavenous Limestone
• Water Fills up caverns
• Steam erupts & cavern refills

Drinking water or measuring sample

Regional lowering of water table due to overpumping.

GW flows out without pumping. Inclined rock layers. Confined aquifer.

Take long time to recharge

Pure space of aquifer collaspe.Irreversible.

For every 1 m of WT drop due to cone depression. 40 m of saltwater rises

Will contaminates sink or float? GW flow direction. Direction can be reverse by cone of depression.

Limestone dissolved by acid

• Limestone Bedrock
• Underground Rivers & sinkholes
• Karst Towers at end

Main erosional agent

Water flowing over the ground surface.

How much water can be absorbed? Material: rain, slope of land, vegetation.

Area where all runoff drains into a specific river or tributaries.

Small river that drains (empties) into a larger one

Elevated ridge separating drainage basins.

Separates streams that flows into the pacific from ones that flow into Gulf or Atlantic.

The interchange or movement of water between air, land, and sea. Evaporation, Transpiration, Precipatation, Runoff, and Infilitration

• Sheet flow
• Rill

• max load of solid particles a stream can
• transport

max particle size a stream can transport

• Bedrock Channels
• Meandering Channels
• Braided Channels

Lowest elevation to which a stream can erode its channel.. Ultimate level is sea level.

V-shaped rapids and waterfalls common.

Flat area covered w/ sediments when streams flood.

Stream Cuts through flood sediments. sea level change or tectonic uplift causes.

River cuts meanders through rock.

Where stream mouth enters a lake or ocean

sediment deposited at base of mountain