-
Sturcture that suspends the small intestine from the posterior body
Mesentery
-
Three modifications of the small intestine that increase the surface area for absorption
Villi, microvilli, and plicae circulares
-
Large collections of lymphoid tissue found in the submucosa of the small intestine
Peyer's patches
-
Mobile organ that initiates swallowing
Tongue
-
The "gullet"; lies posterior to the trachea
Esophagus
-
Valve at the junction of the small and large intestines
Ileocecal valve
-
Primary region of the enzymatic digestion
Small intestine
-
Membrane securing the tongue to the floor of the mouth
Frenulum
-
Area between the teeth and lips/cheeks
Vestibule
-
Wormlike sac that outpockets from the cecum
Appendix
-
Carbohydrate (starch) digestion begins here
Oral cavity
-
Two-layered serous membrane attached to the greater curvature of the stomach
Greater omentum
-
Valve preventing movement of chyme from the duodenum into the stomach
Pyloric valve
-
Posterosuperior boundary of the oral cavity
Soft palate
-
Location of the hepatopancreatic sphincter through which pancreatic secretions and bile pass
Small intestine
-
Outermost layer of a digestive organ in the abdominal cavity
Visceral peritoneum
-
Principal site for the synthesis of vitamins (B,K) by bacteria
Large intestine
-
Distal end of the alimentary canal
Anus
-
Bone-supported part of roof of the mouth
Hard palate
-
Deep folds to the mucosa and submucosa that extend completely or partially around the circumference of the small intestine
Plicae circulares
-
Regions that break down food stuffs mechanically
Oral cavity and stomach
-
Conduit that serves the respiratory and digestive systems
Pharynx
-
Surface projections of a mucosal epithelial cell
Microvilli
-
What reagent was used to show protein (amino acids) digestion?
What color is it when digestion occurs?
- Biuret reagent
- Turns a pink-violet color when digestion occurs
-
What reagent is used to show the digestion of starches? What color is it when digestions occurs? What color is it when digestion doesn't occur?
- Iodine-potassium iodide
- Light brown
- Purple-black color
-
What reagent is used to show the digestion of lipids and proteins? What color does it show in the presence of acid (broken down lipids)?
- Litmus milk
- Color change is light gray to dark pink-purple
-
What reagent is used to show absorption in the small intestine? What color does it turn when reacting with glucose?
- Benedicts solution
- Red-orange precipitate
-
What are the layers of the alimentary canal?
- Mucosa
- Submucosa
- Muscularis externa
- Serosa
-
Moves food via peristalis and runs from the pharynx to the stomach
Esophagus
-
Protein digestion (HCL and pepsinogen released from gastric glands) and has a thick mucus layer for protection
Stomach
-
Nearly all food absorptions occurs here and has brush border enzymes, pancreatic enzymes, and bile
Small intestine
-
Compacts and propels fecal matter to the anus for elimination, provides site for vitamin production, and reclaims water
Large intestine
-
Tear and grind food.
Adults have 32
Children have 20
Teeth
-
What are the functions of the salivary glands and what glands do they consist of?
- Moistens food and helps bind it together
- Contain salivary amylase which begins the digestion of starch
- Parotid glands
- Submandibular glands
- Sublingual glands
-
Produces bile(no enzymes, emulsifies fats and is stored in the gallbladder) and the portal system brings nutrients here (glucose stored as glycogen)
Liver
-
What is the endocrine and excorine functions of the pancreas?
Endocrine: produces insulin and glucagon
Exocrine: secretes pancreatic enzymes for lipid, protein, and carbohydrate digestion and secretes an alkaline fluid that netralized acidic chyme
-
What are the lobes of the liver?
- right
- left
- caudate
- quadreate (by gallbladder)
-
Blood in the urine
Hematuria
-
Hemolytic Anemia
Hemoglobinuria
-
Eating a 5 lb box of candy at one sitting
Glycosuria
-
-
-
Urinary Tract Infection
Pyuria
-
Normal values of urine
Color
Transparency
pH
Specific gravity
Glucose
Albumin
Keone bodies
RBCs/hemoglobin
Bilirubin
- Pale yellow
- Transparent
- 4.5-8.0
- 1.001-1.030
- Negative
- Negative
- Negative
- Negative
- Negative
-
What is the functions of the urinary system
- Remove nitrogenous wastes from the body
- Kidney maintains electrolyte, acid-base, and fluid balances of the blood
-
What is the nephron?
What does it consist of?
- Functional unit of the kidney
- Glomerulus(renal tubule and Bowmans capsule)
- Proximal convuluted tubule
- Loop of Henle
- Distal convuluted tubule
- Collecting duct
-
Cortical nephron
Located entirely in the cortex
-
Juxtamedullary nephron
Penetrate into the medulla
-
How do the blood vessels of the urinary system run?
Renal arteries -->segmental arteries -->lobar arteries -->interlobar arteries -->Arcuate arteries -->cortical radiate arteries -->afferent arterioles -->glomerulus -->efferent aperitubular capillary bed -->cortical radiate veins --> arcuate veins -->interlovar veins -->Renal vein
-
How does sperm run start to leaving the penis?
- Seminiferous tubules
- Epididymus
- Vas deferens
- Ejaculatory duct
- Nothing
- Urethra
- Penis
-
What are the male primary sex organs?
What is their endocrine and exocrine functions?
- Testes
- Sperm production(exocrine)
- Production of testosterone(endocrine)
-
What do the other structures of the male reproductive system do?
Aid in the safe delivery of sperm to the exterior
-
What is the functions of the reproductive system in general?
Perpetuate the species
-
What is the function of the male reproductive system?
manufacture sperm and deliver them to the femal reproductive tract
-
What is the function of the female reproductive system?
maintain a nurturing protective environment for embryo to grow
-
What covers the testes and what are the cells it contains and what do they produce?
- Tunica albuginea
- Interstitial cells
- Produce testosterone
-
Site of sperm production
Seminiferous tubules
-
Site of sperm maturation
Epididymus
-
Plays a role in activating sperm
Prostate gland
-
Produces a thick alkaline secretion containing fructose
Seminal vesicles
-
Produces a thick clear mucus that act to wash residual urine out of the urethra
Bulbourethral gland
-
Copulatory orgna of the male
Penis
-
Enlarged tip of the penis
Glans
-
What types of tissue does the penis have?
- Erectile tissue
- Corpus spongiosum
- Corpus cavernosum
-
Sperm
Head
Midpiece
Tail
- Genetic information(DNA)
- Metabolic region(mitochondria)
- Locomotion(flagella)
-
What is the primary sex organ of the femlae reproductive system and what are their exocrine and endocrive functions?
- Ovaries
- Produce eggs(exocrine)
- Produce estrogen and progesterone(endocrine)
-
What do the acessory structures of the female reproductive system do?
Transport, house and nurture developing fetus
-
What does the external genitalia of the female reproductive system consist of?
- Labia Majora
- Labia minora
- Clitoris
- Urethral orifice
- Vaginal orifice
-
Growing follices produce ________, ruputerd follicle becomes _____ which secretes _______.
- Estrogen
- Corpus luteum
- Progesterone
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