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Denotation
Dictionary definition
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Connotation
A word's emotional implication, contextual associations
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Pun
Play on word that uses similarity of spelling/pronunciation between two different meaning words. (or one word that has multiple meanings)
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Diction
author's word choice
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Syntax
Arrangement of words, complexity vs. simplicity, fragmentation vs. completeness, rhetorical questions, etc.
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Asyndeton
Omission of conjunctions to create a concise, terse statement
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Polysyndeton
Repeated use of conjunctions to link things together
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Anaphora
Parallelism where the same word is repeated at the beginning of successive lines
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Repetition
to reapeat a word, phrase, line, or stanza
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Refrain
a recurring line or stanza
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Tone
Attitude of speaker toward the subject/audience
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Metaphor
direct comparison of two unlike objects
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Similie
direct comparison of two unlike objects using like or as
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Conceit
Controlling/extended metaphor (or similie) comparing two unlike objects with elaboration on the comparison
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Personification
Objects/animals are given human qualities
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Metonymy
One noun is replaced by another close noun (ie a castle to a woman who is royal)
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Synecdoche
A part represents the whole object/idea (ie a hair to a person)
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Symbolism
Concrete, tangible object is used to suggest an abstract, intangible idea
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Imagery
The use of any sense description to illustrate things, makes whatever is being described concrete
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Allusion
Reference to an outside fact/event/source
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Irony
Contradiction between appearance/expectation and reality, a reveresal of expectation
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Verbal Irony
Saying one thing and meaning another
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Dramatic Irony
Discrepancy between what the character knows and what the audience knows
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Situational Irony
When the reality of a situation is different from the anticipated, when something unexpected occurs
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Understatement
minimization of significance
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Litotes
Form of understatement, involves making a point affirmative by denying its opposite (ie I will multiply them, they shall not be few)
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Paradox
Contradictory statement that has an underlying truth
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Oxymoron
Two word paradox, contradictory terms
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Apostrophe
Adressing a person who isn't present or a personified object
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Euphony
Pretty sounds together to produce a pleasing, melodious effect
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Cacophony
Hard consonant sounds (inharmonious) opposite of euphony
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End Rhyme
Rhyme at the end of a verse line
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Rhyme scheme
Pattern of end rhymes (represented by a letter)
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Masculine Rhyme
One syllable rhyme
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Femenine rhyme
Two or more syllable rhyme (ie flying dying)
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Half rhyme/Slant Rhyme/Imperfect Rhyme
Approximate rhyme (ie sea beaks)
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Internal Rhyme
Rhyme contained within the line of a verse (ie falls on castle walls)
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Onomatopoeia
Word whose sound suggests its meaning
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Alliteration
Repetition of two or more initial sounds in words in same line
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Assonance
Repetition of two or more matching vowel sounds within a line
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Consonance
Repetition of two or more matching consonant sounds within words in a line
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Sibilance
Repetition of "s" sound to produce a soft or hissing sound
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Line
Unit of verse ending in a break
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Enjambed line
A line without punctuation at the end
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End-Stopped Line
A line with any kind of punctuation at the end of it
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Heroic Couplet
Two rhyming, end-stopped lines (with a thought usually completed within)
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# lined stanza
9 or more lines
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Meter
pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables in poetry
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Foot
the smallest unit of a poem
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anapestic
u u / contradict
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Scansion
Analysis of the type and number of feet within a poem to determine meter
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Caesura
A pause in the meter or rhythm of a line (indicated by punctuation)
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Blank verse
unrhymed lines of iambic pentameter
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free verse
unrhymed lines without regular rhythm or line lengths
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