ch 65 keywords

insulin producing cells of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas

term formerly used to describe very unstable type 1 diabetes; characterized by unexplained oscillation between hypoglycemia and diabetic ketacidosis

blood glucose level at any time of day with no regard to time of eating

a joint that is deprived of any pain or position sense due to severe osteoarthritis or as a result of disease such as diabetic neuropathy

secreting externally via a duct

insulin from source outside patient

delayed gastric emptying. occurs when the vagus nerve is damaged or stops functioning normally and movement of food is slowed or stopped

diabetes that occurs during pregnancy

synthesis of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources, such as amino acids and glycerol; can occur in the liver and kidneys when the carbohydrate intake is insufficient to meet the body's needs

the primary assay for assessing long-term glycemic control. indicates blood glucose levels for the previous 6-8 weeks

presence of glucose in the blood

abnormal increase in depth and rate of respiration

an abnormally low level of glucose in the blood; opposite of hyperglycemia, very high blood glucose

a powerful hormone secreted by the beta cells in the islets of langerhans of the pancreas; the major fuel regulating hormone; enters the blood in response to a rise in concentration of blood glucose and is transported immediately to bind with cell surface receptors throughout the body

diabetic coma; too little insulin; accumulation of ketone bodies in the blood

normal metabolic products of lipid (fat) within the liver; excess concentration of ketone bodies in the urine

a test of the body's ability to utilize carbohydrates, aid to the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. After ingestion of a specific amount of glucose solution, the fasting blood glucose rises promptly in a nondiabetic person, then falls to normal within an hour. in diabetes mellitus, the blood glucose rise is greater and the return to normal is prolonged

synthetic drug that lowers the blood sugar level; stimulates the synthesis and release of insulin from the beta cells of the islets of langerhans in the pancreas; used to treat patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

excessive thirst

excessive ingestion of food

excessive excretion of urine

after a meal

IFG and IGT are risk factors for future diabetes and cardiovascular disease

itching

noninflammatory degenerative disease of the retina; called diabetic retinopathy when it occurs with diabetes of long standing