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LH and FSH effects on both males and females?
Males: LH Increases androgens. FSH stimulates spermatogenesis.
Females: LH and ovulation. FSH increases progesterone and estrogen.
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Name a slow release androgen ester that can be used SC or IM.
testosterone cypionate
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Nandrolone is active orally and increases anabolic activity. Nandrolone is a 19-____________.
19-norandrogen
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Name 2 17α alkylandrogen's that are active orally and increase anabolic activity.
- Methyltestosterone
- Fluoxymesterone
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List 4 therapeutic uses of androgens.
- 1. Hypogonadism (primary and secondary)
- 2. Catabolic states (aids)
- 3. Anemia------> Increase erythropoiesis
- 4. Short stature?
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What are some of the adverse effects of androgens?
- 1. Virilization (irreversible effects)
- 2. Edema
- 3. Hepatic dysfunction
- 4. Decreased spermatogenesis.
- 5. changes in serum lipids (decreased HDL/LDL)
- 6. Increased aggressiveness (CNS)
- 7. Sexual development effects.
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Androgens are contraindicated in _________ and _______.
Pregnant women and prostate cancer.
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Antiandrogens have two mechanisms, ___________ and __________.
List some drugs from each group.
- Receptor antagonists: 1. flutamide (3X)
- (prostate cancer, hisutism) 2.bicalutamide(1X)
- 3.spironolactone
- 5α reductase inhibitors: 1. Finasteride
- (BPH) 2. dutasteride
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What are the 3 types of estrogens?
estradiol, estrone, estriol (pregnancy)
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List some of estrogens actions.
- Sex characteristics (breast/uterus)
- Increased muscle mass (anabolic)
- minceralcorticoid (Na, H20)
- Decreased bone resorption and increased blood clotting.
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List two 17α alkylestrogens.
ethinylestradiol, mestranol
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List 4 therapeutic uses of estrogens.
- 1. Oral contraceptives (main use)
- 2. Menopause. (hot flashes)---conjugated estrogens.
- 3. Osteoporosis.
- 4. Hypogonadism (primary, secondary).
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What are some of the adverse effects of estrogens?
- 1. nausea
- 2. Migraine
- 3. Tender breast
- 4. thromboembolic disorder/hypertension
- 5. carcinogenesis (vaginal/cervical, endometrial, breast)
- 6. postmenopausal bleeding.
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What tamoxifen used for and what is its actions on the Breast, Uterus, Bone, CV system (Ag or Antag)
Tamoxifen is used for breast cancer
- Breast- Antag
- Uterus- Ag
- Bone- Ag
- CV system- Ag
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What raloxifene used for and what is its actions on the Breast, Uterus, Bone, CV system (Ag or Antag)
Raloxifene is used for osteoporosis.
- Breast- Antag
- Uterus- Antag
- Bone- Ag
- CV System- Ag
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What is clomiphene and fulvestrant used for and what are their actions on the Breast, Uterus, Bone, CV system (Ag or Antag)
They are used for Infertility/Breast cancer.
- Breast- Antag
- Bone- Antag
- Uterus- Antag
- CV system- Antag
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List 2 therapeutic uses of progestins.
- 1. Contraception
- 2. Suppress abnormal uterine function. (Endometriosis, dysmenorrhea, abnormal bleeding)
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There are 6 progestins we need to know for this exam.
Name all 6 of them.
- Drospirenone
- Medroxyprogesterone acetate
- megestrol
- norethindrone
- norgestrel
- progesterone
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What are some of the adverse effects of progestins?
- 1. Weight gain, acne, depression.
- 2. Irregular cycles.
- 3. Excess body hair!
- 4. Teratogenesis.
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What the hell is RU486?
Mifepristone- interferes with actions of progesterone during pregnancy.
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4 oral contraceptives
1. Combination type (Estrogen and progesterone)
Combination type have constant estrogen with increasing amounts of progesterone throughout the month. Monephasic, biphasic, triphasic.
- 2. Progestin only (Oral, IM, Transdermal)
- 3. Postcoital ( E+P or P alone. Large dose.)
- 4. RU486
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