Kinesiology Navigating the Body.txt

• Standing erect with palms facing forward
• In this position it can be divided into three imaginary planes.

• Divides the body into left and right halves
• Medial and lateral correlate to this plane
• The actions of flexion and extension occur along this plane

• Divides the body into front and back portions
• Anterior and posterior correlate to this plane
• The actions of adduction and abduction occur along this plane

• Divides the body into upper and lower portion
• Superior and inferior correlate to this plane
• The action of rotation occurs along this plane

• Refers to a structure closer to the head
• Above
• When referring to structures on the trunk it would be cranial.

• Refers to a structure closer to the feet
• Below
• When referring to structures on the truck it would be caudal.

Further toward the back of the body

Further toward the front of the body

Closer to the midline of the body

Further away from the midline of the body

A structure that is further away from the trunk or the body's midline only: when referring to arms or legs.

A structure that is closer to the trunk: only when referring to arms or legs.

Closer to the body's surface

Deeper in the body

• Movement that straightens or opens a joint
• Ex: When you lean back

• Movement that bends a joint or brings the bones closer together
• Ex: Bending your fingers to play piano

• Brings a limb medially toward the body's midline (adding to the body)
• Ex: Bringing your arms to your sides

• Moves a limb laterally away from the midline (abduct or carry away)
• Ex: Raising your arms up and away from the body

• The limb towards in toward the middle
• Ex: While playing hacky sack it is kicking your foot (while behind you) outwards and away from the body

• The limb swings away from the midline
• Ex: playing hacky sack it is kicking your foot (while behind you) inwards behind the other leg

• Pertains only to the axial skeleton, specifically the head and vertebral column
• Ex: When you look both ways before crossing the street

• A combination of flexion, extension, adduction, and abduction
• Possible only at the shoulder and hip joints
• Ex: Swimming the backstroke requires this at the shoulder joint

• Occurs only at the axial skeleton when the head or vertebral column bend laterally to the side
• Ex: Pulling head down toward shoulder

• Occurs when the radius and ulna lie parallel to one another (carrying a bowl of soup)
• Ex: When you reach to grab a doorknob

• Takes place when the radius crosses over the ulna, turning the palm down (prone to spill the soup)
• Ex: The position you are in when you have turned the doorknob

• Occurs when the thumb pad crosses the palm toward the last finger
• Ex: When pinkie and thumb touch each other

• Occurs as a combination of movements of several joins of the feet
• Elevates the foot's medial side and brings the sole of the foot medially (turn in)
• Ex: Touching the bottoms of your feet together

• Occurs as a combination of movements of several joins of the feet
• Elevates the foot's lateral side and moves the sole laterally (turn out)
• Ex: What your feet do when you sit like a kid with no bones...

• Only refers to movement at the ankle
• Performed by moving the ankle to point your foot into the earth
• Ex: Pushing on the acceleration in a car

• Only refers to movement at the ankle
• Performed by moving the ankle up toward your head
• Ex: Taking your foot off the gas peddle

• Pertains to the scapula, clavicle, head, and jaw
• Occurs when one of these structures moves anteriorly (protrude)
• Ex: When you try and look like a bird my moving your head outward

• Pertains to the scapula, clavicle, head, and jaw
• Movement of one of these structures posteriorly (retreat)
• Ex: A very big overbite

• Movement of the scapula and jaw
• Movement superiorly
• Ex: Closing your mouth

• Movement of the scapula and jaw
• Movement inferiorly
• Ex: Opening your mouth

Wander from the usual course

Bone that covers your brain

Jaw bone

Bones in your neck

Collar bone

Bone of the chest piece

Upper arm bone

• Pinkie side arm bone
• Thicker of the two

• Thumb side arm bone
• Thinner of the two

Wrist bones

Hand bones

Fingers and toes bones

Shoulder blade

Yum!

Lower back bones

Butt bone

Mid-butt bone

Bottom of the butt bone

Upper leg bone

Knee bone

Big, lower leg bone

Little, lower leg bone

Bones in the foot toward the ankle

Foot bones

Bones in your upper back

Ankle bone

Heel bone

Immovable joints

Slightly moveable joints

• Moveable
• Contain a joint cavity
• Six different types

A spherical surface of one bone fits into the dish-shaped depression of another bone

Consists of the oval-shaped end of one bone articulating with the elliptical basin of another bone

Allows only flexion and extension, similar to the movements of a door hinge

A modified ellipsoid joint composed of convex and concave articulating surfaces � like two saddles

Usually between two flat surfaces and allows the least amount of movement of all synovial joints.

Designed to allow one bone to rotate around the surface of another bone

• Arteries and veins are the blood vessels
• Form an amazing network that transports blood from the heart, brings it to the body�s tissues, and then carries it back to the heart

Brain and spinal cord make up the central part while the remaining aspects form the peripheral

Perform many functions throughout the body such as draining the interstitial fluid which escapes from capillaries and transporting it back to the heart