Exclusive Powers
exclusive powers are specific powers vested exclusively to the Commonwealth. For a power to be exclusive it must forbid states from legislating on that area or by stating that it is exclusive to the Commonwealth.
Section 90 gives the Commonwealth exclusive power to impose customs and excise duties.
Section 51 (vi) gives the Commonwealth power to control and establish the naval and military defence of the nation, then section 114 makes this an exclusive power y stating 'A state shall not, without the consent of the Parliament of Commonwealth raise or maintain and naval or military force