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Muscle Tension
The force exerted by a
contracting muscle on
an
object
Load
The opposing
force exerted on
the
muscle by
the
object
Work
The
Movement of
the
load by
the
muscle
Isotonic
When the
muscle tension overcomes
the
load
then the
muscle
can
contract
and
move
the
load
Isometric
When
muscle tension develops
but the
load
is
not moved.
Can be deliberate or caused when the load exceeds the muscle tension that can be developed
Motor unit
One motor neuron and
all
the
muscle fibers
that it
can innervate
.
Muscle twitch
The
response
of a
motor unit
to a
single action
potential
of
its
motor neuron
Myogram
A graphic recording of contractile activity
Latent period
The
initial period
of
muscle contraction
where
muscle tension
is
beginning
but
not measurable
Period of contraction
A period of 10 - 100 ms where the
muscle tension reaches
its
peak
Period of relaxation
The
period after contraction
where
muscle tension decreases
returning to baseline.
Wave Summation
When one or more stimuli occur before the muscle can fully relax from the initial stimuli
Unfused (incomplete) tetanus
Occurs when the muscle is stimulated at an increasingly faster rate while the relaxation time between twitches becomes shorter
Fused (complete) tetanus
Occurs when
relaxation disappears
and the
muscle
is
constantly in
a
state
of
contraction
Motor Unit Recruitment
Occurs when the
stimulus
is
greater than one motor unit
can handle and thus must use the assistance of other motor units
Threshold stimulus
The amount if stimulus required to initiate contraction
Maximal stimulus
the amount of stimulus required to activate all motor units in a particular muscle
Motor Unit Recruitment
Muscle Energy
Lactic acid
An
end product
produce during anaerobic energy production
which when released into the blood causes the
muscles to feel sore
What happen when ATP consumption exceeds ATP production?
The
muscle
becomes
increasingly weaker
or
fatigued
What happenes when No ATP is available?
The
muscle stays
in a
continued state
of
contraction
(cramp or if you’re dead rigor mortis)
Muscle Fiber Type
What are the two major pathway energy is being produced?
Oxidative or Glycolytic
Muscle Fiber Type
Slow oxidative
Muscle type often used for
endurance over
an
extended period
of
time
Muscle Fiber Type
Fast oxidative
Muscle type often used for
normal everyday activities
(walking and standing)
Muscle Fiber Type
Fast glycolytic
Short bursts of power
Smooth
Muscle
Longitudinal smooth muscle
Runs parallel
to the
long axis
therefore when the
muscle contracts
the
organ shortens
or
dilates
Smooth Muscle
Circular smooth muscle
Runs around
the
circumference
of the
organ
and when it
contracts
it
elongates
the
organ
Smooth Muscle
Peristalsis
The
alternating contraction
and
relaxation
of the
opposing muscles
Smooth Muscle
Varicosities
The
nerves
that
innervate
the
smooth muscles
Smooth Muscle
Author
kmurdock
ID
80567
Card Set
muscle
Description
muscle
Updated
2011-04-19T04:44:26Z
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