Poli cht 13 &14 final

Government workers employed under the merit system; not political appointees

Federal government jobs held by civilian employees, excluding political appointees

A method of evaluating rules and regulations by weighing their potential costs against their potential benefits to society

The practice of distributing government offices and contracts to the supporters of the winning party

Legal authority for a federal agency to spend money from the U.S. Treasury

The process of turning over certain government functions to the private sector

People who bring official misconduct in their agencies to public attention

The power of the Supreme Court to declare actions of the other branches and levels of government unconstitutional

A presidential claim that certain communications with subordinates may be withheld from Congress and the courts

The principle articulated in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) that laws prescribing separate public facilities and servicesfor nonwhite Americans are permissible if the facilities and services are equal to those provided for whites

Landmark rulings, that have been reaffirmed by the Court over the course of many years and whose reasoning has become part of the fabric of American law.

One who brings suit in a court

Describing a process by which indigents may file a suit with the Supreme Court free of charge

An announcement that the Supreme Court will hear a case on appeal from a lower court; its issuance requires the vote of four of the nine justices

The political-economic doctrine that holds that government ought not interfere with the operations of the free market

Actions by the courts that go beyond the strict role of the judiciary as interpreter of the law and adjudicator of disputes

An action that a court determines must be taken to rectify a wrong

The doctrine that courts must interpret the Constitution in ways consistent with the intentions of the framers rather than in light of contemporary conditions and needs

The doctrine that the provisions of the Constitution have a clear meaning and that judges must stick closely to this meaning when rendering decisions

A case brought to force ruling on the constitutionality of some law or executive

A suit brought on behalf of a group of people who are in a situation similar to that of the plaintiffs