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describe asthma
respiratory disease caused by increased responsiveness of the tracheobroncial tree to various stimuli
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describe pnemonia
an inflimmation or infection of the lungs characherized by exudate (a build up of fluid) in the alveoli
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describe emphysema
a chronic (long-term disease), non-infectious, progressive, respiratory condition that occurs when the walls of the alveoli deteriorate and lose their elasticity
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describe epistaxis
nose bleed
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describe influenza
a viral infection of the upper respiratory system
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describe laryngitis
an inflammation of the larynx
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describe rhinitis
inflammation of the nasal mucous membrane
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describe sinusitis
inflammation of the mucous membrane lining of the sinus
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what disease is the most common cause of chronic illness in children under the age of 17
ASK TEACHER
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what disease was the leading cause of death in the US untill 1936
pnemonia
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what disease has new vaccines developed to fight it every year
influenza
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which disease is primarily caused by chronic irritation of the lungs from smoking
ASK TEACHER
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what are the symptoms of asthma (severe attack)
- use of accessory muscles,
- distant breathing,
- loud wheezing,
- fatigue,
- moist skin,
- anxiety and apprehension,
- severe dyspnea,
- difficult speaking
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what are the symptoms of pnemonia
- chils,
- fever,
- chest pain,
- productive cough,
- dyspnea,
- fatigue,
- tachycardia/tachypnea,
- diminished breath sound,
- crackles,
- pallor,
- abdominal pain
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what are the symptoms of emphysema
- vary from mild to severe,
- shortness of breath,
- cough that progressively gets worse,
- fatigue,
- cyanosis,
- edema (swelling),
- crackles,
- weezing,
- distant breath
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what are the symptoms of epistaxis
bleeding of the nose
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what are the symptoms of laryngitis
- hoarsness or loss of voice,
- sore throat,
- dysphagia (difficult swallowing)
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how are asthma attacks treated
- prevent or treat airway obstruction and airways hyperresponsiveness due to the inflammatory process,
- bronchiodilators,
- anti-inflammatory drugs,
- combination drugs
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how is epistaxis treated
- compress the nostrils toward the septum,
- elevate the head and tilt it slightly forward,
- cold compresses,
- nasal packing,
- cauterize (burn and destroy) the bleeding vessels,
- treatment of the underlying cause
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how is pnemonia treated
- rest,
- fluids,
- antibiotics,
- respiratory therapy/oxygen as needed,
- pain meds
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how is emphysema treated
- quit smoking,
- pursed lip breathing,
- oxygen therapy,
- respiratory therapy,
- medications,
- surgery in select patients
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list several triggers of althma
- allergens,
- respiratory tract infections, hyperventilation,
- cold air,
- exercise,
- drugs and chemicals,
- emotional upset,
- airborne pollutants
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list the causes of air way narrowing in an asthma attack
- bronchospasm,
- edemia,
- mucus plugging
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list several defense mechanisms of the airways
- nasopharyngeal defenses,
- epiglottis and cough reflexes,
- immunological defenses
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list several factors that predispose a patient to pnemonia
- smoking, altered consciousness,
- tracheal intubation,
- upper respiratory infection,
- chronic diseases,
- immunosuppression,
- aspiration,
- debilitating illness,
- prolonged immobility,
- altered oropharyngeal flora
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what is the cause of emphysema in 80-90% of patients
smoking
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what happens to the size of the lungs in patients with emphysema
increases
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what is the most important thing patients with emphysema can do
stop spoking
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list several things that can cause epistaxis
- injury to nose,
- hypertension,
- chronic infection,
- anticoagulant drugs,
- blood diseases such as hemophilia and leukemia
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list several diseases that can be causes by smoking
- emphysema,
- lung cancer,
- stroke,
- heart attack,
- high blood pressure
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what is painted onto the lungs of smokers as they smoke
ASK TEACHER
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does quitting smoking help smokers reduce the risks of developing many of the problems associated with smoking
yes
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