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all nerve cells in the body that are not part of the central nervous system. Includes somatic and autonomic nervous systems
Peripheral Nervous System
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part of the peripheral nervous system which sends information to and from muscles, joints and skin
somatic system
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system in the peripheral nervous system which includes internal organs and glands
Autonomic system
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fight or flight reaction acts when we believe we are threatened
stress causes this reaction
sympathetic nervous system
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the rest and digest part of autonomic nervous system
changes the body back to a its calm state
parasympathetic nervous system
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the brain and spinal cord
spinal cord= "go between" between PNS and CNS
also has some basic motor movements- doesn't relay messages to brain but can be overidden
Central Nervous System (CNS)
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connects the spinal cord to the brain- it is home to the basic programs of survival
ex: breathing, swallowing, vomiting, unrinating, mating
controls the automatic functions of the body
Brainstem
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Lower/middle portion of the brainstem
it is associated with sleep/wake/consciousness/alertness
Damage= coma
reticular formation
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part of the brainstem which controls heartbeat, circulation, respiration
damage= death
medulla
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controls balance, coordination, graceful movement, motor learnining
damage= loss of motor coordination "ataxia"
maybe associated with "simulation"
cerrebellum
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the sensory weigh-station, all sensory info except smell goes through ____ to the cortex
restricts senses during sleep
thalamus
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the master regulator of the brain, projects to whole brain, regulates internal bodily functions
4 Fs: fighting, fleeing, feeding, fucking
hypothalamus
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emotion, sensory input before cortex
allows us to have preferences, emotion markers--> helps us make decisions easier based on preferences
amygdala
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the outer layer of brain tissue which forms the surface of the brain
cerebral cortex
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bridge of millions of axons which connects the two hemispheres of the brain so information can flow between
corpus callosum
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VISION
Primary visual cortex- spatial relations
Secondary visual cortex- color, form, motion
Occipital Lobe
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deals with color and form
geniculostriate system
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deals with motion and location
tectopulvinar
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sensory association, touch, has left and right lobe
parietal lobe
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part of parietal lobe associated with touch, integration of sensory info--> projected to the frontal lobe
primary somatosensory cortex
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recognize concurrent sensory signals as a single object
takes places in the primary somatosensory cortex
corss-model matching
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to be able to mentally "view" objects in different perspectives
takes place in primary somatosensory cortex
mental manipulation
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if one lobe of the parietal part of brain is damaged
hemineglect
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a distorted representation of the entire body
"little man"
somatosensory homonucleus
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the lobe associated with auditory and categorization
needed for spoken language comprehension
temporal lobes
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part of temporal lobe associated with hearing
also facial recognition
primary auditory cortex
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intersection of the temporal and occipital lobes associated with facieal reconition
fusiform face area
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lose ability to categorize the sounds of language
cannot understand language or speak (coordinate right sounds)
Weirnecke's aphasia
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part of brain associated with motor, sensory, planning
it is the last part of the brain to fully develop
frontal lobe
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part of frontal lobe which controls fine movements like the face and fingers
motor cortex
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cannot produce language but can understand it
in the left frontal lobe
Broca's aphasia
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part of frontal lobe associated with planning, directing/maintaining attention
rational activity
prefrontal lobe
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part of the prefrontal lobe, controls social functioning, and impulse control
orbitofrontal
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the ability to change over time
brains have it
plasticity
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a specific time when certain processes must develop
critical periods
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subjective awareness of experience
consciousness
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possibility of having two distinct conscious minds
the corpus callosum is severed
split brain
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left controls the right and vice versa
cotralateral organization
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hemisphere of brain which specializes in spoken language/grammar and motor control of the right side of the body
left
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hemisphere of the brain which specializes in spatial relations, emotion and motor control of the left side of the body
right
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lack of emotion/ variation of tone in speech
aprosody
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conversion of stimulus (light, sound, etc) to neural impulses at receptor sights
sensation
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interpreting the stimuli, applying meaning to them
can be affected by learning
perception
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process of sensory signals being relayed from lower sensory to higher perception
bottom up
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prior knowledge, expectation--> what we percive in context
top down
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we have limited sensory capacity- some sensations screened to let into awareness
Filter Theory
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