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The study of sound
Phonology
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Can be either voiced or voiceless
Consonants
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Examples of voiced nasal consonants
/M/, /N/, /ŋ/
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Examples of voiced liquid consonants
L (lateral), R (bunched)
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Any variant of a phoneme. Perhaps realizes two of them
Allophone
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Words distinguished by only ONE distinctive feature of one sound as in pat and bat
Minimal pair
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Bilabial Stop
/p/ and /b/
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bilabial glide
/m/ and /w/
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labio dental fricatives
/f/ and /v/
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interdental fricatives
/θ/ and /ð/
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Alveolar stops
/t/ and /d/
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alveolar fricatives
/s/ and /z/
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alveolar liquids
/l/ (lateral) and /r/ (bunched)
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Alveo-palatal fricatives
/ʃ/ and /ʒ/
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alveo-palatal affricates
/tʃ/ and /dʒ/
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Phonological process in which a sound changes to resemeble a nearby sound, as when in becomes im in impossible.
Assimilation
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Phonological process in which speech sounds disappear from words, as when the vowel in the second syllable of laboratory is lost in pronunciation of the word.
Deletion
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Phonological process in which a sound is added to a word as in the /k/ in some pronunciations of length or /r/ in some pronunciations of wash.
Insertion
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Phonological process in whcih sounds switch places in the phonetic structure of a word, as when old/middle english bridde becomes middle/modern English bird or aks becomes ask
metathesis
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