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provides biologists with a system for discussing, comparing and contrasting living forms
classification
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A system of organising data.
classification
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the science of classifying organisms into different catagories
taxonomy
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one of the first steps of science; defingin the units of study
ordering
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how many animal species are classified today?
about 2 million
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A system of naming species that uses a double name such as Homo sapiens. The first name alone names the genus; both names used together name the species
binomial nomenclature
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A two-part name given to a species; the first mane is also the name of the genus. ex. Homo Sapiens.
binomen
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A group of closley related species.
genus
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The divine plan or blueprint for a species or a higher taxonomic catagory.
archetype
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why Latin?
2
- unchanging
- politically neutral
-
allways capitalized
no two in the animal kingdom have the same name
genus (genera)
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never capitalized
allways appears with the generic name
specific name (species)
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allways underlined or italisized
binomen (genus and species)
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year of Systema Naturae
1758
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A group of organisms at any level of the taxonomic hirearchy.
taxon (taxa)
-
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the higher taxa 5
- family
- order
- class
- phylum
- kingdom
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Taxa above the genus level, such as family, order, class, phylum, and kingdom
higher taxa
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Major division of an order, consisting of closely related genera.
family
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Major division of a class, consisting of closely related families.
order
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Major division of phylum consisting of closely related orders
class
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Major division of kingdom consisting of closely related classes.
phylum
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Major division of domain consisting of closely related phyla
kingdom
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Major division of life consisting of closely related kingdoms.
domain
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as we go higher in the hirearchy each succeding level is defined by more
a. generalized characteristics
b. specific characteristics
a. generalized characteristics
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in the higher taxa, species have
a. more
b. fewer
characteristics in common
b. fewer
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How many living species are there in the genus Homo?
1 - Homo sapiens
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three extinct genera in the family Hominidea...
- Ardipithecus
- Australopithecus
- Paranthropus
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monkeys and prosimians and the family Hominidae belong to what order?
Primates
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primates belong to what class?
Mammalia
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the class Mammaila, birds, reptiles, fish, and amphibians belong to what phylum?
Chordata
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The chaorates and all other animal forms belong to what kingdom?
Animalia
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animals, plants and fungi belong to what domain?
Eukaryota
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three prefixes used to create additional levels
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additional taxon that groups genera and divides subfamly
tribe
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On what basis are species classified into higher taxonomic levels?
evolutionary relationships
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Classification of Homo sapiens?
- Domain-Eukaryota
- Kingdom-Animalia
- Phylum-Chordata
- Subphylum-Vertebrata
- Class-Mammalia
- Subclass-Theria
- Infraclass-Eutheria
- Order-Primates
- Suborder-Anthropoidea
- Superfamily-Hominoidea
- Family-Hominidea
- Subfamily-Homininae
- Tribe-Hominini
- Genus-Homo
- Species-Homo sapiens
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if several genera are related to each other they have a...
common ancestor
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The evolutionary history of a population or taxon.
phylogeny
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Similarities due to inheritance from a common ancestor.
homologies (homologous features)
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what is a flipper an eleboration of?
the basic structure of the forelimb of a four-footed land vertebrate
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Referring to similarities that are not homologous. It can arise from parallelism, convergence, analogy, and chance.
homoplastic (features)
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Nonhomologous similarities in different evolutionary lines.
convergence
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the Tasmanian wolf is a...
the grey wolf and sperm whale are both...
- Marsupial
- placental mammals
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Marsupials must have diverged from the mammalian line before or after the evolution of the placenta?
before
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Homoplastic similarities found related species that did not exist in the common ancestor; however, the common ancestor provided initial commonalities that gave direction to the evolution of the similarities.
parallelism
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Old and New world monkeys exemplify homoplastic similarities arising from what process?
parallelism
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Similarities between the Tasmanian wolf and the grey wolf result from...
convergent evolution
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Structures that are superficially similar and serve similar functions but have no common evolutionary relationship.
analogies
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The wings of a butterfly, wings of a bird, and the wings of a bat are what kind of structures?
analogous
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