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What are the primary physiological effects of thyroid hormone?
Stimulate cell metabolism and activity
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What is thryoid hormone derived from? Thyroid hormone is produced by the thyroid gland in response to what?
- Amino Acid Tyrosine
- Stimulation by thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) produced by the anterior pituitary
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This is a highly vascular, ductless alveolar (acinar) gland located in the anterior neck in front of the trachea.
Thyroid Gland
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What connects the right and left lobes of the thyroid gland?
The Isthmus
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What is the main function of the thyroid gland?
Synthesis and storage of thyroid hormone
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What is the secretory or functional unit of the thyroid gland? This consists of a layer of thyroid epithelial cells arranged around a large central cavity filled with colloid.
Thyroid Follicle
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This is a protein, contained in colloid, that plays a central role in the synthesis and storage of thyroid hormone.
Thyroglobulin (Tg)
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Whereas thyroid hormone synthesis occurs on the __________ side of the thyroid epithelial cell, hormone release occurs at the __________ side of the cell.
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Most parafollicular cells, which surround the thyroid follicles, synthesize and secrete the hormone _________, and therefore are frequently referred to as ___ cells. They also secrete other regulatory factors that modulate follicular cell activity in a __________ fashion
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What provides the innervation to the thyroid gland?
The middle and inferior cervical ganglia of the sympathetic nervous system
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Thyroid hormone synthesis and release are under negative feedback regulation by what?
Hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis
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What is an important antigenic site involved in thyroid autoimmune disease?
The TSH receptor
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Both growth and function of the thyroid are stimulated by the rise in _______ produced by TSH stimulation. Therefore, continued stimulation of this pathway by binding to the TSH receptor causes hyperthyroidism and thyroid hyperplasia.
cAMP
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