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Which fingers does the median nerve supply?
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Which fingers does the ulnar nerve supply?
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Which fingers does the radial nerve supply?
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Where does the long head of the biceps tendon originate? the short head?
- Long head: supraglenoid tubercle
- Short head: coracoid process
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Where does the biceps insert?
Radial tuberosity and bicipital aponeurosis.
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What actions does the biceps do?
Flexes forearm, Flexes arm, supinates forearm.
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Name the 3 Forearm flexor muscles.
- Biceps brachii, brachialis, brachioradialis
- ( all have brachi-)
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Where does the brachialis originate and insert?
- Origin: Distal anterior surface of humerus.
- Insertion: ulnar tuberosity and coronoid process of ulna.
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Where does the brachoradialis originate and insert?
- Originate: Lateral, distal humerus
- insertion: Superior to styloid process of radius
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What are the 2 forearm extensor muscles?
Triceps brachii and the aconeus
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Where does the triceps insert?
- Insert: Olecranon (of ulna)
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What action does the triceps do?
extension of forearm and extension of shoulder
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Where does the anconeus originate/insert?
- Originate: lateral epicondyle of humerus
- Insert: Olectranon and uperior shaft of ulna
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What is the mmost powerful forearm flexor muscle? What muscles is it deep to?
Brachialis. Deep to the biceps.
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What are the 2 forearm pronator muscles? The supinator muscle?
- Pronation: Pronator teres, Pronator quadratus
- Supination: Supinator
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Which muscle is this?
Pronator Quadratus
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Which nerve innervates the forearm extensors?
Radial nerve.
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Which nerve innervates the forearm pronators?
Median nerve.
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Which 4 muscles originate at the medial epicondyle of the humerus? What action do they do?
- Superorficial Anterior (Flexor) compartment of forearm
- 1) Flexor carpi radialis
- 2) palmaris longus
- 3) flexor carpi ulnaris
- 4) flexor digitorum superficialis
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Which muscle is this? Where does it insert?
Flexor digitorum superficialis. Inserts at middle phalanx of fingers II-V.
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What is the biggest muscles in the forearm? (It's deep to 3 other muscles)
Flexor digitorum superficialis.
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Which muscle inserts in the flexor retinaculum?
Palmaris longus.
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Which flexor muscle reaches to the distal phalanx of the thumb?
Flexor pollicis longus.
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Which flexor muscle reaches to the distal phalanx of all fingers except the thumb?
Flexor digitorum profundus.
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What does Pollic- mean? Carpi? Digit-?
- Pollic = thumb
- Carpi = wrist
- Digit =fingers
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Which 2 nerves are responsible for flexion of the forearm?
Median and ulnar.
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Which 2 nerves are responsible for extension of the forearm?
Raidal and deep radial nerves.
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Where do most of the superficial extensor forearm muscles originate?
Lateral epicondyle of humerus.
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What's a retinaculum? Name 2 in the hand.
- A band of connective tissue.
- Flexor retinaculum and extensor retinaculum.
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Which muscles extend the thumb? Fingers II-IV? Finger V?
- Thumb: Extensor pollicis longus & brevis
- II-IV: Extensor digitorum
- V (pinky): Extensor digiti minimi
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Which 2 muscles mainly extend the wrist?
Extensor carpi (wrist) radialis longus & brevis
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the 4 pollics muscles form what?
The thenar eminence.
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The 3 muscles acting on the little finger form what?
The hypothenar eminence.
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Name the bones.
- A: Scaphoid (boatlike)
- B: Lunate (moon-shaped)
- C: Triquetrum (3-corners)
- D: Pisiform (pea-shaped)
- E: Trapezium (4 sided)
- F: Trapezoid (4 sided, but 2 sides are parallel)
- G: Capitate ( head-shaped)
- H: Hamate (hooked)
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Which 3 bones does the flexor retinaculum connect to?
- medially: Hamate and pisiform
- Laterally: trapezium.
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The flexor retinaculum is AKA?
Transverse carpal ligament.
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What nerves are affected? What is this called?
Erb-Duchenne palsy or waiter's tip position...
mostly C5-C6
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What's the most commons causes of Erb's palsy?
forceful pulling away of head from shoulder, dystocia, fall on shoulder
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What parts lose sensation in Erb's palsy? Which muscles are most often paralyzed?
- Lateral side of arm
- Parlysis: supraspinatus, infraspinatus
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Which nerves are primarily affected in Klumpke's palsy?
C8-T1 (lower brachial plexus)
* as opposed to Erb-Duchenne, which is upper brachial plexus
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Differentiate avulsion, rupture, neuroma, and neuropraxia.
- Avulsion, the most severe type, = the nerve is torn from the spine
- Rupture, =the nerve is torn but not at the spinal attachment
- Neuroma= the nerve has torn and healed but scar tissue puts pressure on the injured nerve and prevents it from conducting signals to the muscles;
- Neuropraxia or stretch, in which the nerve has been damaged but not torn.
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If you can't abduct/adduct the fingers, which nerve is affected?
Ulnar.
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Which nerve is affected?
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Which muscles does the Axillary nerve supply?
Deltoid and teres minor.
(& the skin over these)
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