-
Parazoa
lack true tissue
Phylum Porifera
-
Eumetazoa
have true tissue
- Radiata (radial symmetry, round body plan, no head)
- Bilateria (bilateral symmetry, comes with dvlt of head)
-
Porifera
- sponges
- dead end phylum
- adults sessile, larvae free swimming
- choanocytes - circulate water
- amoebocytes - take up food, digest it, and carry nutrients
-
Phylum Cnidaria
- tentacles with cnidocytes (cnidocil is trigger)
- gastrovascular cavity (incomplete digestive system)
- medusa - free swimming
- polyp - sessile
- ex: hydra, jellies, corals
-
Phylum Ctenophora
- comb jellies
- largest animal to use cilia for locomotion
-
-
Bilateria
- Platyhelminthes
- Nemertea
- Rotifera
- Nematoda
- Mollusca
- Annelida
- Arthropoda
- Echinodermata
- Chordata
-
Phylum Platyhelminthes
- flat worms
- incomplete digestive system
- tapeworms, flukes, planarians
-
Nemertea
- complete digestive system
- closed circulatory system
- use proboscis to search, defend, and capture prey
-
Rotifera
- complete digestive tract
- parthenogenesis
-
Phylum Nematoda
- exclusively sexual reproduction
- roundworms
- ex: Trichinella
-
Acoelomates
no body cavity between digestive tract and and outer body wall
- Porifera
- Cnidaria
- Ctenophora
- Platyhelminthes
- Nemertea
-
Pseudocoelomates
body cavity only partially lined by mesodermally derived tissue
-
Coelomates
Body cavity completely lined by mesodermal tissue
- Mollusca
- Annelida
- Arthropoda
- Echinodermata
- Chordata
-
Protostomes
- spiral development
- determinate cleavage
- blastopore forms mouth
- coelom forms from splits in mesoderm
- Mollusca
- Annelida
- Arthropoda
-
Deuterostomes
- radial development
- indeterminate cleavage
- mouth forms from secondary opening
- coelom froms from splits in mesodermal outpocketings
-
Phylum Mollusca
- mantle, foot, visceral mass
- radula - specialized feeding organ
- open circulatory system
- trochophore larvae
-
Phylum Annelida
- segmented worms
- many are hermaphrodites
- closed circulatory system
- setae - bristles for locomotion
ex: earthworms
-
Phylum Arthropoda
- largest animal phylum
- dorsal heart, ventral nervous system
- open circulatory system
- jointed appendages and segmented bodies
-
Phylum Echinodermata
- radial symmetry
- larvae have bilateral symmetry
- pentamerism - radial symmetry based on units of five
- endoskeleton of CaCO3 which produces spines
- Water Vascular System for locomotion, feeding, gas exchange
-
Phylum Chordata
- notochord (flixible rod as simple skeleton)
- dorsal, hollow nerve cord (dev into brain and spinal cord)
- Pharyngeal gill slits
- Muscular postanal tail containing skeletal elements and muscles
- Urochordata
- Cephalochordata
- Vertebrata
-
Urochordata
- tunicates (sea squirts)
- mostly sessile
- saclike body
- retain gill slits as adults
-
Cephalochordata
- lancelets
- somites - blocks of muscle show link to segmented organs
- retain all 4 chordata characteristics
-
Vertebrata
- cephalization - concentration of sense organs at anterior end
- Skeleton with cranium and vertebral column
- anatomical adaptations to support active metabolism
- agnatha
- chondrichthyes
- osteichthyes
- amphibia
- reptilia
- aves
- mammalia
-
Agnatha
- jawless fish
- ex: lampreys, hagfish
-
Chondrichthyes
- carilage fish; sharks, rays, skates
- well developed jaws, paired fins
- keen senses
- internal fertilization
- may be oviparous, ovoviviparous, or viviparous
-
Osteichthyes
- bony fish
- operculum- bony plate covering gills
- swim bladder
- most oviparous, fertilization external
-
Amphibia
- first land vertebrates
- moist skin, external fertilization, mostly oviparous
- ex: salamanders, frogs
-
Reptilia
- first animals with lungs
- shelled amniotic egg
- internal fertilization
- ectothermic
-
Aves
- birds
- evolved from reptiles
- honeycombed bones, air sacs off lungs, no teeth
- endothermic
- 4 chambered heart (allows incr metabolic rate)
-
Mammalia
- hair of keratin
- active metabolism with diaphragm
- mammary glands, internal fertilization, large brain
- 3 major groups: Monotremes (egg layers), Marsupials (pouch) and Placentals
-
Primates
- first were small and arboreal
- limber shoulder joints
- opposable thumbs, stereoscopic vision
-
Coelum
- allows for new diverse methods of locomotion
- provides body space for storage and for complex organ development
- cushion that protects internal structures
-
Land adaptations for reptiles
- scales with keratin waterproof skin
- lungs for oxygen
- amniotic eggs
- ectotherms (abosrb external heat)
-
First mammals
- therapsids
- very small, nocturnal
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