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consciousness
our awareness of ourselves and our environment
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cognitive neuroscience
the interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition
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dual processing
the principle that information often simultaneously processed on seperate conscious and unconscious tracks
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selective attention
the focusing of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus
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inattentional blindness
failing to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere
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change blindness
failing to notice changes in the environments
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circadian rhythm
- the biological clock
- regular bodily rhythms that occur on a 24- hour cycle
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REM sleep
rapid eye movement sleep, a recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur
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Alpha waves
the relativly slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state
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sleep
periodic, natural, reversable loss of consciousness- as distinct from unconsciousness resulting from a coma, general anesthesia, or hibernation
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hallucinations
false sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absense of an external visual stimulus
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delta waves
large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep
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insomnia
recurring problems in falling or staying asleep
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narcolepsy
a sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attcks
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sleep apnea
sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings
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night terrors
- a sleep disorder characterized by high arousal and an appearance of being terrorized
- during stage 4
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dreams
equences of images, emotions and thoughts. the most vivid of which occur during REM sleep
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manifest content
the remembered storyline
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latent content
underlying but cendored meaning of a dream
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REM rebound
tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation
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Hypnosis
a social interaction in which one person suggests to another that certain perseptions, feelings, thoughts or behaviors will spontaneously occur
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posthypnotic suggestions
- suggestion made suring a hypnosis session to be carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized
- used by some clinicians to help control undesired symptoms and behaviors
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dissociation
a split in consious which allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneous with others
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psychoactive drug
a chemical substance that slters perception and moods
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tolerance
the diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug, requiring the user to take larger and larger doses before experienceing the drug's effect
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withdrawl
the discopmfort distress that follow discontinuing the use of an addictive drug
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physical dependence
a physiological need for a drug, marked by unpleasant withdrawl symptoms when the drug is discontinued
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psychological dependence
a psychological need to use a drug such as to relieve negative emotions
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addiction
compulsive drug craving and use despite adverse consequences
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depressants
drugs that reduce neural activity and slow body functions
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barbiturates
drugs that depress the activity of the central nervous system, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgement
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opiates
- opium and its derivatives
- depress neural acivity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety
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stimulants
drugs tha excite neural activity and speed up body fucntions
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amphetamines
drugs that stimulate neural activity causing speeded up body functions and associated energy and mood changes
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methamphetamine
a powerfully addictive stimulant that speeds up body functions and is associaed with energy and mood changes
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ecstasy
- produces short-term euphoria by increasing serotonin levels in brain
- may damage serotonin neurons, suppress immunity and impair memory
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hallucinogens
psychedelic drugs that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images on absense of sensory input
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LSD
- a powerful hallucinogen capable of producing vivid false perceptions and disorganiztion of though processes
- blocks act of neurotransmitter serotonin
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THC
classified as mild hallucinogen
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near death experience
an altered state of consciousess that has been reported by some people who have had a close brush with death
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