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Skin colors can be
- Pallor
- Erythema
- Jaundice
- Cyanosis
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Measuring Edema
Edema is fluid accumulating in the intercellular spaces; it is not present normally. To check for edema, imprint your thumbs firmly against the ankle malleolus or the tibia
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+1 edema
Mild pitting, slight indentation, no perceptible swelling of the leg
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+2 Edema
Moderate pitting, indentation subsides rapidly
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+3 edema
Deep pitting, indentation remains for a short time, leg looks swollen
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+4 edema
Very deep pitting, indentation lasts a long time, leg is very swollen
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Poor turgor is evident in
is evident in severe dehydration or extreme weight loss; the pinched skin recedes slowly or “tents” and stands by itse
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normal nail curve
160 degrees
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curved nail is
160 degrees or less
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Early clubbing is
180 degrees
clubbing usually has to do with a respiratory condition
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Senile purpura
minor trauma. can occur as easy as shaking hands; breakage of the capillaries
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Seborrheic kerotosis
age/liver spots
Supperficial growth of the skin, asborption of the skin cells
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Decreased functioning melanocytes causing
hair to turn grey and thin
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Nails may appear thickened, yellow, and brittle because of
decreased circulation in extremities.
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shingles runs along a
nerve (dermatome) runs along the side of the body same as ckn pox in children
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self examination using the ABCDE method
A—asymmetry
B—border
C—color
D—diameter
E—elevation and enlargement
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Dematitis
•Irritation of the skin
•Allergy
•Insect bite
•Eczema
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how to palpate frontal sinus
(press up under bony brow, using thumb on each side of nose)
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how to palpate the maxillary sinus
- (press up under zygomatic process, using
- thumb)
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Dysphagia
difficulty swallowing
◦Thickened liquids
◦Pureed foods
◦Positioning
Swallowin
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