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category of drugs used to treat elevated blood pressure
antihypertensives
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act to block beta 1 receptors and lowers vascular resistance
beta blockers
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stimulate or block alpha receptors and decrease BP
adrenergic blockers
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act by relaxing smooth muscles of the blood vessels
direct acting vasodilators
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inhibit formation of angiotensin II to lower peripheral resistance
ACE inhibitors
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act to block angiotension at receptor sites
angiotension II receptor antagonists
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act by decreasing cardiac contractility and relaxing coronary arteries
calcium channel blockers
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major s/e of antihypertensives
hypotension, edema, impotence
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s/e of antihypertensive: minoxidil
hair growth
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category of drugs used to treat fluid retention and hypertension
diuretic
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acts on distal tubules to excrete Na, K, and water
thiazide diuretics
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act on loop of Henle to inhibit transport of Na
loop diuretics
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increase the osmolality in the renal tubules
osmotic diuretics
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block the action of carbonic anhydrase to cause excretion of Na, K, and HCO3
carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
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act on the distal collecting tubles to interfere with the Na-K pump
potassium sparing diuretics
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s/e of potassiom sparing diuretics
hyperkalemia
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s/e of thiazide, loop, and osmotic diuretics
hypokalemia
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