which type of focal or partial seizures are automatism or psychical?
psychomotor
tonic clonic, absence, and myoclonic are all ________ seizures
general
what is the prototype for treating tonic-clonic and partial seizures?
phenytoin (Dilantin)
what is the most common barbiturate used in tx of epilepsy?
phenobarbital
what is structurally related to tricyclic antidepressants
used primarily in partial seizures
special interest in dentistry because it frequently is used to treat trigeminal neuralgia
and does NOT cause gingival hyperplasia?
carbamazepine (Tegretol)
what is the most common neurologic disorder?
epilepsy
T/F epilepsy is a SYMPTOM rather than a disease
true
does a patient remain conscious or unconscious with a jacsonian motor vs jacksonian sensory epilepsy?
CONSCIOUS
what may increase the effects and toxicity of tonic-clonic or partial seizures when taking phenytoin?
ASA
what is an ADE of phenytoin seen in the dental office?
gingival hyperplasia
what is the most difficult seizure management?
tonic clonic
which seizure are they in an arched position for 10-20 seconds?
tonic clonic
what seizure is the contraction and relaxation of ALL muscles, hypoxia, and has permanent effects, or even death?
tonic clonic
what is another term for grand mal seizure?
tonic clonic
what is another term for petit mal seizure?
absence
a grand mal seizure lasts how long?
2-5 minutes
which seizure might someone sleep for HOURS post seizure?
tonic clonic
a seizure with no loss of consciousness "stares into space", eye twitch = _______ _______
petit mal (absence)
any seizure that doesnt resolve and continues into multiple seizures is called what?
status epilepticus
which seizure requires immediate attention and lasts longer than 30 minutes?
status epilepticus
what is an uncomplicated absence seizure med?
zarontin (ethosuximide)
t/f the more drugs taken = the greater risk for status epilepticus
true
which drug is structurally related to phenytoin but does NOT result in gingival hyperplasia?
carbamazepine
how long must seizures be absent before meds can be taken away?
2 YEARS
_______ involves the ENTIRE body
nystagmus
what is a delayed rxn of a muscle after a strong prolonged contraction (ie. tonic-clonic)
myotonia
a phenomenon perceived by a pt that is associated with epilepsy and migraine
aura
what is related to a seizure; preictal means PRIOR to seizure and postictal means FOLLOWING a seizure?
ictal
rhythmic body jerks when conscious
myoclonic
what is not needed for tx alt, lasts a few seconds and patient is aware of it?
myoclonic
t/f balance between neural excitation and inhibition is normal brain tissue
true
what is an excessive cell discharge within the brain?
seizure disorder
hypnotic = _______ and sedative = ________, and these are both ________
awake
asleep
barbiturates
what should not be taken with benzodiazepines?
ADA
what is an ARM convulsant and the MIND is involved?
jacksonian motor
what is an alternative drug of phenytoin?
phenobarbital
what is the PRIMARY drug for absence seizures?
valproate (valproic acid)
clonazepam is used to treat _______ and _______ seizures resistant to other treatment
myoclonic
absence
what is the PROTOTYPE for ABSENCE seizures?
ethosuximide (zarontin)
t/f ethosuximide is used to control seizures
FALSE! NOT to control seizures
what is an adjunctive therapy in partial and generalized seizures?
gabapentin
treatment for refractory partial and tonic-clonic seizures is what drug?
felbamate
which drug is used for the tx of refractory complex partial seizures and is approved for bipolar disorder?
lamotrigine
what are manifestations of symptoms of seizures?
motion disturbance
altered level of consciousness
loss of consciousness
periodic attack of disturbed cerebral function
local discrete spread of excitation when a patient remains CONSCIOUS is called:
simple partial seizure
the most common populations affected by seizures are younger than ____. Vascular diseases increase the prevalence of epilepsy in the _____ population
1
aging
what is an epileptic cry from?
spasm in the diaphragm when muscles force air out of the lungs
which seizure can result in an epileptic cry?
tonic clonic
t/f BLS is adequate for most seizures
true
what should be done if a seizure lasts longer than 5 minutes?
