Pharmacology Exam 6

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What is cancer?
- excessive proliferation of cells
- invasive growth
- metastasis
Intrinsic factors initiating cancer growth

oncogenes and mutation in tumor suppressor genes
Extrinsic factors initiating cancer growth
- reactive to oxygen/nitrogen in environment (pollution)
- food/drink habbits
- smoking
- stress
Types of chemotherapy
- cytotoxic agents
- hormones
- biological response modifiers
Obstacles to successful chemotherapy
- toxicity
- cure requires 100% kill
- failure of early detection
- tumor characteristics
- drug resistance
- drug interactions
Strategies for achieving max benefit of chemotherapy
- intermittent treatment
- combo therapy
- optimization of dosing schedules
- regional drug delivery
Major toxicities of chemotherapeutic agents
- bone marrow suppression
- gi tract injury
- n/v
- alopecia
- teratogenicity
- infertility
- secondary carcinogenesis
which of the following is not the major characteristic of cancer?

C. Altered immune response
Biochemical causes of resistance to anticancer agents
- tumor inability to activate prodrug
- multidrug resistance
Pharmacologic causes of resistance to anticancer drugs
- poor or erratic absorption
- increase excretion or catabolism
- poor transport to tumor cells
Drug interactions
- Chemo + Chemo
- Chemo + Chemo-related (ajunct therapy)
- Chemo + Other (digoxin or warfarin)
If the chemotherapy agent is a prodrug activated by CYP3A4
- NNRTIs increase activation of the chemotherapeutic agent
- PIs decrease activation of the chemotherapeutic agent
If a chemotherapeutic agent is metabolized by CYP3A4
- NNRTI will increase metabolism
- PI will decrease metabolism
Citrus flavanoids

decrease action of tamoxifen
Vitamin A and E

enhance action of tamoxifen
Ginseng

enhance estrogen levels and interfere with tamoxifen
st. john wart

activates CYP3A4 leading to increased metabolism of chemo drugs
grape fruit juice

inhibits CYP3A4 leading to accumulation of drugs and decreased activation of prodrugs
M phase
- cell differentiation
- alkaloids work here
G1 Phase
- synthesis of cellular components needed for DNA synthesis
- Antimetabolites and antibiotics act here
S phase
- DNA synthesis
- some antimetabolites and antibiotics work here
G2 phase
- synthesis of cellular components for mitosis
- antibiotics work here
Non-Cell-Cycle specific agents
- alkylating agents
- cisplatin

Author

Rx2013

80064

Card Set

Pharmacology Exam 6

Description

Antineoplastics

Updated

2011-04-16T23:57:01Z

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