-
Abductor Digiti Minimi
- Insertion
- Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of little finger
- Action
- Abducts little (5th) finger
- Innervation
- Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8 and T1) (C8, T1)
- Arterial Supply
- Ulnar artery
-
Abductor Pollicis Brevis
- Origin
- Flexor retinaculum and tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium
- Insertion
- Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb
- Action
- Abducts thumb and helps oppose it
- Innervation
- Recurrent branch of median nerve (C8 and T1) (C8, T1)
- Arterial Supply
- Superficial palmar branch of the radial artery
-
Abductor Pollicis Longus
- Origin
- Posterior surfaces of ulna, radius and interosseous membrane
- Insertion
- Base of 1st metacarpal
- Action
- Abducts thumb and extends it at carpometacarpal joint
- Innervation
- Posterior interosseous nerve (C7 and C8), the continuation of the deep branch of the radial nerve (C7, C8)
- Arterial Supply
- Posterior interosseous artery
-
Adductor Pollicis
- Origin
- Oblique head: bases of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals, capitate, and adjacent carpals; Transverse head: anterior surface of body of 3rd metacarpal
- Insertion
- Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb
- Action
- Draws 1st metacarpal laterally to oppose thumb toward center of palm and rotates it medially
- Innervation
- Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8 and T1) (C8, T1)
- Arterial Supply
- Deep palmar arterial arch
-
Anconeus
- Origin
- Lateral epicondyle of humerus
- Insertion
- Lateral surface of olecranon and superior part of posterior surface of ulna
- Action
- Assists triceps in extending forearm; stabilizes elbow joint; abducts ulna during pronation
- Innervation
- Radial nerve (C7, C8 and T1) (C7, C8, T1)
- Arterial Supply
- Middle collateral branch of deep brachial artery; Recurrent interosseous artery
-
Biceps Brachii
- Origin
- Short head: tip of coracoid process of scapula; Long head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
- Insertion
- Tuberosity of radius and fascia of forearm via bicipital aponeurosis
- Action
- Supinates forearm and, when it is supine, flexes forearm
- Innervation
- Musculocutaneous nerve (C5 and C6 ) (C5, C6)
- Arterial Supply
- Muscular branches of brachial artery
-
Brachialis
- Origin
- Distal half of anterior surface of humerus
- Insertion
- Coronoid process and tuberosity of ulna
- Action
- Major flexor of forearm -- flexes forearm in all positions
- Innervation
- Musculocutaneous nerve (C5 and C6) (C5, C6)
- Arterial Supply
- Muscular branches of brachial artery, recurrent radial artery
-
Brachioradialis
- Origin
- Proximal 2/3 of lateral supracondyle ridge of humerus
- Insertion
- Lateral surface of distal end of radius
- Innervation
- Radial nerve (C5, C6 and C7) (C5, C6, C7)
- Arterial Supply
- Radial recurrent artery
-
Coracobrachialis
- Origin
- Tip of coracoid process of scapula
- Insertion
- Middle third of medial surface of humerus
- Action
- Helps to flex and adduct arm
- Innervation
- Musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6 and C7) (C5, C6, C7)
- Arterial Supply
- Muscular branches of brachial artery
-
Deltoid
- Origin
- Lateral third of clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula
- Insertion
- Deltoid tuberosity of humerus
- Action
- Anterior part: flexes and medially rotates arm; Middle part: abducts arm; Posterior part: extends and laterally rotates arm
- Innervation
- Axillary nerve (C5 and C6) (C5, C6)
- Arterial Supply
- Deltoid branch of thoracoacromial artery
-
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
- Origin
- Lateral epicondyle of humerus
- Insertion
- Base of 3rd metacarpal
- Action
- Extend and abduct hand at wrist joint
- Innervation
- Deep branch of radial nerve (C7 and C8) (C7, C8)
- Arterial Supply
- Radial artery
-
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
- Origin
- Lateral supracondyle ridge of humerus
- Insertion
- Base of 2nd metacarpal
- Action
- Extend and abduct hand at wrist joint
- Innervation
- Radial nerve (C6 and C7) (C7, C6)
- Arterial Supply
- Radial artery
-
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
- Origin
- Lateral epicondyle of humerus and posterior border of ulna
- Insertion
- Base of 5th metacarpal
- Action
- Extends and adducts hand at wrist joint
- Innervation
- Posterior interosseous nerve (C7 and C8), the continuation of the deep branch of the radial nerve (C7, C8)
- Arterial Supply
- Ulnar artery
-
Extensor Digiti Minimi
- Origin
- Lateral epicondyle of humerus
- Insertion
- Extensor expansion of 5th digit
- Action
- Extends 5th digit at metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints
- Innervation
- Posterior interosseous nerve (C7 and C8), the continuation of the deep branch of the radial nerve (C7, C8)
- Arterial Supply
- Interosseous recurrent artery
-
Extensor Digitorum
- Origin
- Lateral epicondyle of humerus
- Insertion
- Extensor expansions of medial four digits
- Action
- Extends medial four digits at metacarpophalangeal joints; Extends hand at wrist joint
- Innervation
- Posterior interosseous nerve (C7 and C8), the continuation of the deep branch of the radial nerve (C7, C8)
- Arterial Supply
- Interosseous recurrent and posterior interosseous arteries
-
Extensor Indicis
- Origin
- Posterior surface of ulna and interosseous membrane
- Insertion
- Extensor expansion of 2nd digit
- Action
- Extends 2nd digit and helps to extend hand
- Innervation
- Posterior interosseous nerve (C7 and C8), the continuation of the deep branch of the radial nerve (C7, C8)
- Arterial Supply
- Posterior interosseous artery
-
Extensor Pollicis Brevis
- Origin
- Posterior surfaces of radius and interosseous membrane
- Insertion
- Base of proximal phalanx of thumb
- Action
- Extends proximal phalanx of thumb at carpometacarpal joint
- Innervation
- Posterior interosseous nerve (C7 and C8), the continuation of the deep branch of the radial nerve (C7, C8)
- Arterial Supply
- Posterior interosseous artery
-
Extensor Pollicis Longus
- Origin
- Posterior surface of middle 1/3 of ulna and interosseous membrane
- Insertion
- Base of distal phalanx of thumb
- Action
- Extends distal phalanx of thumb at carpometacarpal and interphalangeal joints
- Innervation
- Posterior interosseous nerve (C7 and C8), the continuation of the deep branch of the radial nerve (C7, C8)
- Arterial Supply
- Posterior interosseous artery
-
Flexor Carpi Radialis
- Origin
- Medial epicondyle of humerus
- Insertion
- Base of 2nd metacarpal
- Action
- Flexes and abducts hand (at wrist)
- Innervation
- Median nerve (C6 and C7) (C6, C7)
- Arterial Supply
- Ulnar artery
-
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
- Origin
- Humeral head: medial epicondyle of humerus; Ulnar head: olecranon and posterior border of ulna
- Insertion
- Pisiform bone, hook of hamate bone, and 5th metacarpal bone
- Action
- Flexes and adducts hand (at wrist)
- Innervation
- Ulnar nerve (C7 and C8) (C7, C8)
- Arterial Supply
- Ulnar artery
-
Flexor Digitorum Profundus
- Origin
- Proximal 3/4 of medial and anterior surfaces of ulna and interosseous membrane
- Insertion
- Base of the distal phalanx of digits 2 - 5
- Action
- Flexes distal phalanges at distal interphalangeal joints of medial four digits; assists with flexion of hand
- Innervation
- Medial part: ulnar nerve (C8 and T1); Lateral part: anterior interosseous branch of median nerve (C8 and T1) (C8, T1)
- Arterial Supply
- Ulnar and anterior interosseous arteries
-
Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis
- Origin
- Hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum
- Insertion
- Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of little finger
- Action
- Flexes proximal phalanx of little (5th) finger
- Innervation
- Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8 and T1) (C8, T1)
- Arterial Supply
- Ulnar artery
-
Flexor Pollicis Longus
- Origin
- Anterior surface of radius and adjacent interosseous membrane
- Insertion
- Base of distal phalanx of thumb
- Action
- Flexes phalanges of 1st digit (thumb)
- Innervation
- Anterior interosseous nerve from median nerve (C8 and T1) (C8, T1)
- Arterial Supply
- Anterior interosseous artery
-
Infraspinatus
- Origin
- Infraspinous fossa of scapula
- Insertion
- Middle facet on greater tuberosity of humerus
- Action
- Laterally rotate arm; helps to hold humeral head in glenoid cavity of scapula
- Innervation
- Suprascapular nerve (C5 and C6) (C5, C6)
- Arterial Supply
- Suprascapular and circumflex scapular arteries
-
Dorsal Interossei
- Origin
- Dorsal 1 - 4: Adjacent sides of two metacarpals (bipennate muscles)
- Insertion
- Dorsal 1 - 4: Extensor expansions and bases of proximal phalanges of digits 2 - 4
- Action
- Dorsal 1 - 4: Abduct digits from axial line and act with lumbricals to flex metacarpophalangeal joints and extend interphalangeal joints
- Innervation
- Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8 and T1) (C8, T1)
- Arterial Supply
- Dorsal 1 - 4: Dorsal and palmar metacarpal arteries
-
Palmar Interossei
- Origin
- Palmar 1 - 3: Palmar surfaces of 2nd, 4th and 5th metacarpals (unipennate muscles)
- Insertion
- Palmar 1 - 3: Extensor expansions of digits and bases of proximal phalanges of digits 2, 4 and 5
- Action
- Palmar 1 - 3: Adduct digits toward axial line and assist lumbricals in flexing metacarpophalangeal joints and extending interphalangeal joints
- Innervation
- Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8 and T1) (C8, T1)
- Arterial Supply
- Palmar 1 - 3: Palmar metacarpal arteries
-
Latissimus Dorsi
- Origin
- Spinous processes of inferior 6 thoracic vertebrae, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, and inferior 3 or 4 ribs
- Insertion
- Floor of intertubercular groove of humerus
- Action
- Extends, adducts, and medially rotates humerus; raises body toward arms during climbing
- Innervation
- Thoracodorsal nerve (C6, C7, and C8) (C6, C7, C8)
- Arterial Supply
- Thoracodorsal artery
-
Levator Scapulae
- Origin
- Posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C1 - C4 vertebrae
- Insertion
- Superior part of medial border of scapula
- Action
- Elevates scapula and tilts its glenoid cavity inferiorly by rotating scapula
- Innervation
- Dorsal scapula (C5) and cervical (C3 and C4) nerves (C3, C4, C5)
- Arterial Supply
- Dorsal scapular artery
-
Opponens Digiti Minimi
- Origin
- Hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum
- Insertion
- Medial border of 5th metacarpal
- Action
- Draws 5th metacarpal anteriorly and rotates it, bringing little finger (5th digit) into opposition with thumb
- Innervation
- Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8 and T1) (C8, T1)
- Arterial Supply
- Ulnar artery
-
Opponens Pollicis
- Origin
- Flexor retinaculum and tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium
- Insertion
- Lateral side of 1st metacarpal
- Action
- Draws 1st metacarpal laterally to oppose thumb toward center of palm and rotates it medially
- Innervation
- Recurrent branch of median nerve (C8 and T1) (C8, T1)
- Arterial Supply
- Superficial palmar branch of the radial artery
-
Palmaris Longus
- Origin
- Medial epicondyle of humerus
- Insertion
- Distal half of flexor retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis
- Action
- Flexes hand (at wrist) and tightens palmar aponeurosis
- Innervation
- Median nerve (C7 and C8) (C7, C8)
- Arterial Supply
- Ulnar artery
-
Pectoralis Major
- Origin
- Clavicular head: anterior surface of medial half of clavicle; Sternocostal head: anterior surface of sternum, superior six costal cartilages, and aponeurosis of external oblique muscle
- Insertion
- Lateral lip of intertubercular groove of humerus
- Action
- Adducts and medially rotates humerus; draws scapula anteriorly and inferiorly; Acting alone: clavicular head flexes humerus and sternocostal head extends it
- Innervation
- Lateral and medial pectoral nerves; clavicular head (C5 and C6, sternocostal head (C7, C8, and T1) (C5, C6, C7, C8, T1)
- Arterial Supply
- pectoral branch of the thoracoacromial trunk
-
Pectoralis Minor
- Origin
- 3rd to 5th ribs near their costal cartilages
- Insertion
- Medial border and superior surface of coracoid process of scapula
- Action
- Stabilizes scapula by drawing it inferiorly and anteriorly against thoracic wall
- Innervation
- Medial pectoral nerves; clavicular head (C8 and T1) (C8, T1)
- Arterial Supply
- Pectoral branch of the thoracoacromial trunk
-
Pronator Quadratus
- Origin
- Distal 1/4 of anterior surface of ulna
- Insertion
- Distal 1/4 of anterior surface of radius
- Action
- Pronates forearm; deep fibers bind radius and ulna together
- Innervation
- Anterior interosseous nerve from median nerve (C8 and T1) (C8, T1)
- Arterial Supply
- Anterior interosseous artery
-
Pronator Teres
- Origin
- Medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process of ulna
- Insertion
- Middle of lateral surface of radius
- Action
- Pronates and flexes forearm (at elbow)
- Innervation
- Median nerve (C6 and C7) (C6, C7)
- Arterial Supply
- Ulnar artery, anterior recurrent ulnar artery
-
Rhomboid Major and Minor
- Origin
- Minor: nuchal ligament and spinous processes of C7 and T1 vertebrae; Major: spinous processes of T2 - T5 vertebrae
- Insertion
- Medial border of scapula from level of spine to inferior angle
- Action
- Retract scapula and rotate it to depress glenoid cavity; fix scapula to thoracic wall
- Innervation
- Dorsal scapular nerve ( C4 and C5) (C4, C5)
- Arterial Supply
- Dorsal scapular artery
-
Serratus Anterior
- Origin
- Superolateral surfaces of upper 8 or 9 ribs at the side of chest
- Insertion
- Vertebral border of scapula
- Action
- Draws scapula forward and upward; abducts scapula and rotates it; stabilizes vertebral border of scapula
- Innervation
- Long thoracic nerve (C5, C6, C7) (C5, C6, C7)
- Arterial Supply
- Circumflex scapular artery
-
Subscapularis
- Origin
- Subscapular fossa of scapula
- Insertion
- Lesser tuberosity of humerus
- Action
- Medially rotates arm and adducts it; helps to hold humeral head in glenoid cavity of scapula
- Innervation
- Upper and lower subscapular nerves (C5, C6 and C7) (C5, C6, C7)
- Arterial Supply
- Subscapular artery
-
Supinator
- Origin
- Lateral epicondyle of humerus, radial collateral and annular ligaments, supinator fossa and crest of ulna
- Insertion
- Lateral, posterior and anterior surfaces of proximal 1/3 of radius
- Action
- Supinates forearm (i.e., rotates radius to turn palm anteriorly)
- Innervation
- Deep branch of radial nerve (C5 and C6) (C5, C6)
- Arterial Supply
- Recurrent interosseous artery
-
Supraspinatus
- Origin
- Supraspinous fossa of scapula
- Insertion
- Superior facet on greater tuberosity of humerus
- Action
- Initiates and assists deltoid in abduction of arm and acts with other rotator cuff muscles
- Innervation
- Suprascapular nerve (C4, C5 and C6) (C4, C5, C6)
- Arterial Supply
- Suprascapular artery
-
Teres Major
- Origin
- Dorsal surface of inferior angle of scapula
- Insertion
- Medial lip of intertubercular groove of humerus
- Action
- Adducts and medially rotates arm
- Innervation
- Lower subscapular nerve (C6 and C7) (C6, C7)
- Arterial Supply
- Subscapular and circumflex scapular arteries
-
Teres Minor
- Origin
- Superior part of lateral border of scapula
- Insertion
- Inferior facet on greater tuberosity of humerus
- Action
- Laterally rotate arm; helps to hold humeral head in glenoid cavity of scapula
- Innervation
- Axillary nerve (C5 and C6) (C5, C6)
- Arterial Supply
- Subscapular and circumflex scapular arteries
-
Trapezius
- Origin
- Medial third of superior nuchal line; external occipital protruberance, nuchal ligament, and spinous processes of C7 - T12 vertebrae
- Insertion
- Lateral third of clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula
- Action
- Elevates, retracts and rotates scapula; superior fibers elevate, middle fibers retract, and inferior fibers depress scapula; superior and inferior fibers act together in superior rotation of scapula
- Innervation
- Spinal root of accessory nerve (CN XI) (motor) and cervical nerves (C3 and C4) (pain and proprioception) (XI, C3, C4)
- Arterial Supply
- Transverse certical artery
-
Triceps Brachii
- Origin
- Long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula; Lateral head: posterior surface of humerus, superior to radial groove; Medial head: posterior surface of humerus, inferior to radial groove
- Insertion
- Proximal end of olecranon process of ulna and fascia of forearm
- Action
- Chief extensor of forearm; long head steadies head of abducted humerus
- Innervation
- Radial nerve (C6, C7 and C8) (C6, C7, C8)
- Arterial Supply
- Branches of deep brachial artery
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