Chapter 15 BB

Que. What Order, Family and Genus/species do swine belong to?

Que. What is a differential diagnosis for cysticercosis, with larvae found in the peritoneal cavity, liver or other organs ?

Que. What causes hydatidosis / hydatid cyst disease? What are clinical signs, treatment? What is the pathogenesis?

Que. T/F. SPF swine are completely free of diseases that may interfere with research.

Que. The best breeds of swine for projects longer than 3 weeks are of what type?

Que. Swine should be purchased from vendor herds that are validated _______-free and qualified ______-negative by the USDA.

Que. What is the best housing for swine (pens or cages)?

Que. Is smooth flooring, such as seamless epoxy, a good type of flooring for swine?

Que. A neurologic syndrome in dehydrated swine is a result of ________.

Que: What is a social complication that exist with group housing swine and how can it be prevented?

Que: Name some ways to restrain swine and which is the preferred method.

Que: Where can intramuscular injections be administered in the swine?

Que: Name the sites of venous access in the swine.

Que: What is complicated about venous access sites in the swine?

Que: Swine have been used mainly for what purpose in research?

Que: What cardiovascular diseases of interest are swine used for?

Que: How is atherosclerosis induced in swine?

Que. High membranous ventricular septal defect (VSD) and von Willebrand�s disease are ______ models that are available in swine.

Que. Nutritional and gastrointestinal models in swine are studied because of the physiology of their digestion, which is similar to that of ________ and their ______ diet.

Que. In the area of renal research, swine are used in studies of renal hypertension, ----_______ reflux, ________ reflux and urinary obstruction.

Que. Swine are the model of choice for most of the laparoscopic and endoscopic procedures because of their _____ and _______.

Que. Transplantation research has been performed on ______, ________, kidney and viscera. The size of the organs, the surgical anatomy and response to ____________make them idea for many of these studies.

Que. Swine are being developed as models and donors for xenotransplantation, which has included the development of ________ strains

Que. The anatomic and physiological characteristics of the skin have made swine a definitive ______ surgical model. Swine have also been developed as models in a wide variety of other surgical procedures including ______ surgery, and procedures in the musculoskeletal, central nervous, _______, urogenital, and cardiopulmonary systems.

Que. Many biological models have been developed in swine including the areas of systemic and dermal toxicology, ______ and _______ shock, immunology, diabetes, malignant ________, malignant ______ and gastric ulceration.

Que. The cardiovascular system is similar to that of humans, especially the _______ anatomy.

Que. The blood supply from the coronary artery in the swine is _____ side dominant and does not have preexisting collateral circulation. This makes the coronary blood flow situation similar to ______ % of the human population.

Que. The electrophysiologic system in swine is more ________ than ______ and there are prominent Purkinje fibers. The _____ azygous vein drains the intercostal vessels into the coronary sinus unlike in most other species. This vessel may be ligated or blocked with a ballon catheter to provide total coronary venous drainage into the ______ sinus. The aorta has a true ______ like that of humans.

Que. The stomach of the swine has a muscular outpouching, ______ near the pylorus. The bile duct and the pancreatic duct enter the _______ separately in the proximal portion. The anatomic divisions between the duodenum, ileum and jejunum are _______. The mesenteric branches form their vascular arcades in the _______ rather than the in the mesentery as in other species.

Que. In swine the physiology of _______ and intestinal transport are very similar to humans?

Que. In swine, the lymph nodes are ________ with the germinal centers being located in the internal portion of the mode.

Que. The pig penis is fibromuscular with a corkscrew-shaped tip located in a preputial diverticulum near the umbilicus. As such, the penis also has a _______ flexure.

Que. The male accessory glands of pigs include, __________, ___________, ___________, and _____________?

Que. The pig pancreas is __________ and surrounds and encompasses the ____________ mesenteric vein.

Que. One nutritional requirement that is particularly important for newborn pigs is _______?

Que. Swine, unlike ruminants, do not require elemental ________ in their diets provided the diets are adequate with amino acids containing this element.

Que. Swine reach sexual maturity at _____ months of age.

Que. Litter size varies among breeds, with domestic swine usually having an average of ____ pigs per litter.

Que. The average estrous cycle in swine is ____ days.

Que. _____ _____ assays are more accurate for determining pregnancy status than progesterone assays.

Que. The gestation period of miniature pigs and commercial pigs is typically ________ days.

Que. __________ is the most reliable sign of farrowing in the pig.

Que. Environmental temperature for pig neonates should be _______ with a supplemental heat source in the stall that results in a temperature of approximately ______ at pig level.

Que. The sow�s comfort level is approximately _________ which is the reason for having a supplemental heat source just for the neonates.

Que. The most important factors that contribute to neonatal survival are __________.

Que. What procedures should be include in Day 1 care of piglets?

Que. What is the recommend environmental temperature for piglets up to 3-4 weeks of age?

Que. What is the recommend environmental temperature for piglets up to 4-8 weeks of age?

Que. What age are piglets usually weaned?

Que. Do pigs have a highly developed sense of smell?

Que. Do pigs have highly developed eyesight?

Que. What types of toys help provide cage enrichment for pigs?

Que. Pigs are considered for what type of potential transplantation?

Que. Which mammals have inverted lymph nodes?

Que. How are swine Peyer�s patches similar to ruminants?

Que. Bone marrow of ____ is more similar to that of humans than that of rodents in toxicity response to lethal irradiation, allowing studies that have demonstrated the benefit of T-cell depletion of donor tissues in preventing graft-versus-host disease.

Que. Normative data for the swine immune system derived from animals of conventional health status (i.e., farm environments) differ significantly from those housed under ________, ______ or ______ conditions.

Que. There is no testable material on page 626

Que. In swine, there is no transplacental transfer of maternal immunity; thus, neonates are dependent on ______________.

Que. In swine, access to Ig__ - rich colostrum within the first _____ hours postpartum is most critical for 3-week survival rate and weight gain.

Que. In swine, intestinal closure for absorption of colostrum is complete by _____ to _____ hours of age.

Que. In contrast to most other species, the pig lacks the gene for Ig___, which is a precursor immunoglobulin in the differentiation pathway to IgM.

Que. Located on chromosome 7, _______________ is the equivalent of the mouse major histocompatibility complex (MHC).

Que. Swine Leukocyte Antigen (SLA) class ____ genes are universal in tissue expression and function to restrict T-cell activation, particularly antiviral immune responses, and are pivotal for inducing tolerance for �self�.

Que. In comparing the complement system in the pig to that in the human, one difference is that elimination of antigen-antibody immune complexes occurs through the __________ in the pig, in contrast to the target organs of liver and spleen in humans.

Que. Name some of the advantages swine have in order to be considered as prime candidates of systematic production of suitable organs for xenotransplantation.

Que. Name the leading contribution of Dr. David Sachs (Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston) to the use of swine in xenotransplantation.

Que. Three lines of miniature swine homozygous for a different set of SLA alleles have been developed. What are the designations (names) of these SLA alleles?

Que. Why are these SLA lines of miniature swine useful genetic models for studying xenotransplant rejection?

Que. Matching SLA skin grafts typically survive for _______ to ______ days, but vascular grafts and liver transplants survive much longer, some ___________.

Que. �Gal (?1-3)�, �Gal (?1-4)�, and �GlcNAc-R� are found on donor tissue endothelium. What do they represent?

Que. What model of xenotransplantation holds the promise of future technology transfer to enable swine-to-human donation?

Que. What method has been tried to eliminate natural xenoantibodies from the circulation of baboons, thereby eliminating subsequent rejection of a xenotransplant from pigs?

Que. Nonspecific depletion of the majority of recipient immunoglobulins of all isotypes by column immunaphoresis significantly improved/greatly reduced graft survival of pig hearts in baboons.

Que. Acute rejection of xenografts may be instigated by antibody-mediated hyperacute rejection. What other delayed rejection process will the body use?

Que. There have been several attempts to promote immunologic tolerance for xenotransplation by modifying a characteristic of the recipient (bone marrow ablation, immunosuppressive drug regimens, etc). An attractive approach that has shown early promise is the induction of donor-specific tolerance using bone marrow transplantation to create __________.

Que. Why is the experiment involving gene therapy to express swine SLA class II antigens on baboon autologous bone marrow cells important?

Que. What science offers the most promising approach to prevent the rejection of xenotransplants?

Que. What is the major issue that needs to be considered in xenotransplant research?

Que. In immunosuppressed patients, in addition to risks associated with normal flora, environmental contaminants, and true pathogens. What are the concerns with xenotransplantation?

Que. When implementing treatment for infectious problems in swine
used in research, what factors should be cautiously considered?

Que. What is the advantage of using the pig as a model for xenotransplantation?

Que. There are ________ serotypes of Salmonella, each referred to as a separate species.

Que. All members of the genus Salmonella are (motile/nonmotile), non-spore forming, facultative (aerobic/anaerobic) (gram positive/gram negative) bacilli possessing peritrichous flagellae.

Que. Name the 3 serotypes of Salmonella that are typically etiologic agents of disease in swine.

Que. Match the following Salmonella agents with the manifestation of disease that it causes:

Que. Characteristic signs of Salmonella septicemia include all of the following Ans. cough and dyspnea

Que. The respiratory form of Salmonella most commonly affects swine of what age group?

Que. List 2 bacterial, 2 viral and 2 parasitic differentials for Salmonellosis.

Que. How is Salmonella transmitted?

Que. List 5 of the seven forms of stress which usually precede clinical disease.

Que. Which of the Salmonella species is not host-specific?

Que. List 4 gross lesions associated with S. cholerasuis.

Que. In what part of the small intestine does Salmonella choleraesuis invade?

Que. What factor(s) is/are found to be responsible for microthrombosis and ischemia of vessels in the lamina propria resulting in necrosis of enterocytes?

Que. Diarrhea is the (malabsorptive/secretory) type with extensive fluid loss from the necrotic lesions.

Que. Which of the following common surface disinfectants is not listed as efficacious against Salmonella?

Que. What assay has been developed that will identify salmonellae in feces and intestinal mucosa scrapings, as well as in pure cultures?

Que. Name the avirulent live vaccine that has been shown to have the protective effect of reduced fecal shedding and mortality in suckling piglets when applied by spraying the teats and udders of nursing sows.

Que. What type of vaccine is protective against S. choleraesuis and thought to be effective because it stimulates cell-mediated immunity?

Que. Name 2 antibiotics used to medicate feed or water for protection against salmonellosis.

Que. What antibiotic should be used to treat Salmonellosis?

Que. What is the etiological agent for Glasser�s Disease (aka Haemophilus, Porcine Polyserositis, Infectious Polyarthritis?

Que. What are the clinical signs for Glasser�s Disease?

Que. Where is the first site of colonization seen in piglets?

Que. What is the reservoir for H. parasuis?

Que. What antibiotic should be used to treat H. parsuis?

Que. Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae is a gram-__________ bacillus, which has 26 serovars and causes ____________ in swine.

Que. What is the characteristic dermatologic clinical sign often seen with the acute form of swine erysipelas?

Que. What animal species is the primary reservoir of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae?

Que. What is the transmission route of swine erysipelas?

Que. In what age range are swine most likely to develop clinical disease with erysipelas?

Que. True or False. Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae can survive in the environment for long periods. (swine chapter)

Que. What is the treatment of choice for the acute form of swine erysipelas?

Que. ___________ has been used historically and can be effective if given early in the course of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae.

Que. Hyperimmune serum provide about ___ weeks of passive immunity

Que. Streptococcus suis is a gram___________ oval cocci.

Que. S. suis most commonly affects swine aged _______ weeks..

Que. The most satisfactory method of preventing S. suis is by __________- and _________________.

Que. What subfamily of the Herpesviridae family does virus pseudorabies belong in?

Que. What is the eponym for pseudorabies?

Que. What is the main differential diagnosis for pseudorabies?

Que. What species of nonhuman primates can be infected with pseudorabies?

Que. What would be the organs of choice for pseudorabies isolation?

Que. What is the general pathogenesis of Pseudorabies virus (tissue trpopism)?

Que. What is the general significance of pseudorabies infection?

Que. Is there an effective pseudorabies vaccine? Is there a way to tell vaccinated from infected pigs?

Que. What are the three primary agents associated with atrophic rhinitis? Which two agents combined produce the most severe form of the disease? What is usually required to cause permanent nasal distortion and turbinate atrophy?

Que. What do nonprogressive atrophic rhinitis (NPAR) and progressive atrophic rhinitis (PAR) refer to?

Que. What is the most characteristic sign of atrophic rhinitis in pigs? What are gross lesions? How is the degree of atrophy commonly scored?

Que. What is the age at which clinical signs (sneezing, snuffling, etc., NOT snout deformity) occurs with B. bronchiseptica and P. multocida infection?

Que. Atrophic rhinitis occurs in older pigs (3-4 months) with infection with which causative agent, Pasteurella multocida or Bordetella bronchiseptica.

Que. What are the oral antibiotics of choice for treatment atrophic rhinitis?

Que. What are the most satisfactory methods of preventing atrophic rhinitis?

Que: What are the research complications associated with atrophic rhinitis?

Que: What is the cause of Pasteurellosis in swine?

Que: How is the P. multocida organism characterized?

Que: What capsular serotypes have been reported in swine?

Que: Which capsular serotype is most common in pneumonic lungs?

Que: What capsular serotype causes the most severe disease?

Que: Which serotype has not been reported in natural outbreaks in Europe and the United States?

Que: What are the predominant signs of the acute form of pasteurellosis?

Que: Sudden death with pasteurellosis is not typical unless what strain is involved?

Que: Morbidity and mortality in swine with pasteurellosis is best described as:

Que: The chronic form of pasteurellosis is characterized by what clinical signs?

Que: The acute form of pasteurellosis is similar to what other disease in swine and how is it different?

Que: The chronic form of pasteurellosis is similar to what other disease in swine?

Que: What are other differentials for pasteurellosis?

Que: Where is P. multocida commonly found in swine?

Que: Where can P. multocida be cultured from in swine?

Que: How is pasteurellosis transmitted?

Que: What are the gross necropsy findings of pasteurellosis?

Que: What are the histological lesions associated with pasteurellosis?

Que: In the pathogenesis of Pasteurella multocida where does serotype A and D adhere to in the respiratory epithelium in swine?

Que: When is Pasteurella multocida result in disease?

Que: How does P. multocida result in turbinate atrophy in swine?

Que: How can pasteurellosis be prevented in swine?

Que: How can pasteurellosis be controlled in swine?

Que: How is pasteurellosis in swine treated?

Que: What are the research complications associated with pasteurellosis?

Que: What is the etiology of Pleuropneumonia (APP)?

Que: What is the former name of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae?

Que: What are the extracellular hemolytic toxins of A. pleuropneumoniae?

Que: Do all serotypes secrete Apx toxins?

Que: How many serotypes of A. pleuropneumoniae are there?

Que: Which serovars of A. pleuropneumoniae are most frequently isolated?

Que: How is the organism A. pleuropneumoniae characterized?

Que: How is primary isolation achieved for A. pleuropneumoniae?

Que: What is satellitism or satellite phenomenon?

Que: What other agar media is utilited for isolated A. pleuropneumoniae?

Que. _____________shows the Christie-Atkins-Munch-Peterson (CAMP) phenomenon or reaction when colonies are grown near a ? toxigenic Staphylocccus aureus.

Que. Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP) in swine can be categorized into _____, ___ and _____ forms.

Que. The peracute form of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP) in swine is characterized by sudden ______. In the acute form pigs have fevers, depression, anorexia, cyanosis, severe dyspnea with a marked abdominal component (thumping) and sometimes death within ____ hours. The chronic form is characterized by variable ______, decreased weight gain and other complications. Serotype __ has been connected with lameness due to necrotizing otesomyelitis and fibrinopurulent arthritis in 8-12 week old pigs.

Que. Transmission of APP is primarily by ______ to ______ and by _______. Recovered swine become ________. Typically, in herds where APP is endemic, the piglets are infected in the farrowing pen and a carrier ______ is the source.

Que. APP is prevalent _____, different countries tend to have a different set of _____, and multiple serovars can be found in one facility.

Que. The gross findings in pigs with APP are _______, ________ and the presence of bloody froth and or clotted fibrin plugs in the trachea and bronchii.

Que. Primary damage to the capillary endothelium in alveoli may be the result of ________ produced by A. pleuropneumoniae in acute and peracute infections. This results in severe edema and fibrin deposition as well as _______ of capillaries and ischemic necrosis of ________ parenchyma.

Que. Mycoplasm ________ is probably the easiest of the porcine mycoplasmas to isolate.

Que. The age group most commonly affected by Mycoplasmal polycerositis is ____ to ___ weeks.

Que. Mycoplasmal is spread via ________ on direct contact to baby pigs.

Que. What joints are most frequently involved in mycoplasma infection in sevine?

Que. ______ ______ is commonly found in the nasal passages of young pigs and stressful events may cause septicemia and seeding of the organism in the joints.

Que. Mycoplasmas are small, nonmotile, fastidious, gram-negative facultative anaerobes belonging to the class ___________?

Que. What pathogen plays an important role in porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC) when concurrent infection with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) occurs?

Que. What is probably the most common cause of chronic pneumonia in swine?

Que. Inclusion body rhinitis, a disease caused by porcine ________, is found throughout the world.

Que. Porcine cytomegalovirus has been documented to modify the host defensive mechanism through inhibiting _____ function.

Que. Histiologic findings characteristic of porcine cytomegalovirus are the prescence of large basophilic _______ in the epithelial cells in both the mucosa and the mucosal glands.

Que. Swine influenza is caused by a Type A influenza virus that belongs to the family _________.

Que. The main differentials for an animal with swine influenza include ___________.

Que. A definitive diagnosis for swine influenza can be made through ________.

Que. The primary route of transmission of swine influenza is via ____________.

Que. Natural infections of swine with Metastrongylus spp. Include one or more of M. salmi, M. pudendotectus, or M. elongates apri, with ______ being the most common.

Que. What causes atelectasis during Metastrongylus elongatus?

Que. What causes �milk spots� in pigs?

Que. What necropsy findings are found with Ascaris suum infection in pigs?

Que. What types of leukocytes predominate in the lungs from Metastrongylus elongates infection?

Que. What disinfectant is efficacious for Ascaris suum?

Que. What does an ELISA for Ascaris suum test for?

Que. What type of diarrhea does swine dysentery cause and in what age group?

Que. What is the primary etiologic agent of swine dysentery?

Que. What is the morphologic description of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae?

Que. How can Brachyspira hyodysenteriae infection diagnosis be confirmed?

Que. What are the clinical signs of swine dysentery?

Que. What is the morphologic characteristic of acute swine dysentery?

Que. In natural outbreaks of swine dysentery, Brachyspira hyodysenteriae is transmitted by ________ contact.

Que. The causative organism of swine dysentery, Brachyspira hyodysenteriae, will survive up to __ days in moist ground or feces but is readily eliminated by disinfection in the absence of organic material.

Que. Swine dysentery is usually introduced into a facility by the purchase of an ______ carrier pig.

Que. Nursing pigs are protected against _____ ______ by colostrum from previously infected sows and can be a source of Brachyspira-free pigs if weaned early and housed in a clean facility.

Que. What is the etiology of Proliferative Enteropathy in swine?

Que. Name two differential diagnoses for hemorrhagic diarrhea in piglets that are newborn to several weeks old?

Que. Name three differential diagnoses for hemorrhagic enteritis in older pigs (>6 weeks)?

Que. What species can Lawsonia infect? Transmission?

Que. Gross lesions of Proliferative Enteropathy are found where (in swine)?

Que. What are two therapeutic options for Proliferative Enteropathy in swine?

Que. What is the most important diarrheal disease of newborn to postweanling-age swine?

Que. The species E. coli includes members that are normal gut flora as well as enteric pathogens that are further classified by antigenic serotype: (O) = __________, (K) = __________, (H) = __________, and (F) = __________.

Ref. LAM, 2nd ed., Ch. 15, p. 647

Que. In swine, Colibacillosis is caused by pathogenic _______________, a gram-negative facultative anaerobic rod.

Que. Neonatal diarrhea in piglets from 0 to 4 days of age is commonly caused by an _______________ strain of E. coli that possesses F4-type fimbrial adhesins, produces ST or LT enterotoxin, and belongs to the classical serotypes 0149, 08, 0147, or 0157.

Que. True or false: Clostridial infection of the intestinal tract of young swine commonly results in a disease of moderate morbidity, but is self-limiting and non-fatal.

Que. Between Clostridium perfringens Type A and Type C, which is the agent that will almost uniformly kill swine (if untreated)?

Que. What are two main differential diagnoses for hemorrhagic diarrhea in piglets that are newborn to several weeks of age?

Que. What are some differential diagnoses for hemorrhagic diarrhea in older pigs?

Que. You�ve identified C. perfringens Type C in your Yucatan swine colony. Horrors! How might this agent have gotten into your colony?

Que. At what age (pre-weaning, weaned, and older) is the greatest incidence of C. perfringens infection been reported in pigs?

Que. If a pregnant sow is not immune to C. perfringens Type C, and she becomes infected, what chance will her offspring have of surviving an infection after birth?

Que. The C. perfringens bacillus if transferred from sows to pigs and between pigs by _____________ contact.

Que. Death in pigs from C. perfringens is from what cause?

Que. True or false: C. perfringens Type A invades the enterocytes, where an ? toxin is produced, thus killing the cell.

Que. Name the toxins produced by C. perfringens Type A and Type C.

Que. Describe the pathogenesis of C. perfringens Type C at the level of the enterocytes.

Que. True or false: disease with C. perfringens in swine is completely preventable.

Que. True or false: pregnant sows that are at risk from recent exposure to C. perfringens may be vaccinated with C. perfringens toxoid.

Que. Salmonella enterocolitis in swine can be subclinical or present with what multi-organ involvement?

Que. What is the etiology of Salmonella enterocolitis in swine?

Que. What are the clinical signs of Salmonella enterocolitis in swine?

Que. What is the differential diagnosis for watery, yellow diarrhea in weaned pigs?

Que. How long may infected swine shed Salmonella organisms?

Que. Why is treatment for Salmonella in swine contraindicated in the research setting?

Que. What is the etiology of transmissible gastroenteritis (TGEV) in swine.

Que. What are the four viral diseases of the Coronaviridae family that naturally infect swine?

Que. What other viral diseases is TGE virus antigenically related?

Que. What are the clinical signs of TGE infection in swine?

Que. What is the differential diagnosis for yellow to white watery diarrhea in piglets that are newborn to several weeks old?

Que. What are the necropsy findings in piglets affected with TGE infection?

Que. What is the most striking microscopic lesion found in piglets infected with TGE virus?

Que. Virus particles for TGE can be found in which cells?

Que. What type of diarrhea is associated with TGE?

Que. True or False??? Vaccination of boars, gilts and sows will significantly reduce clinical signs.

Que. TGEV enters into production herds during the winter months due to probable reservoir transmission by __________ ____________.

Que. What treatment is effective for piglets infected with TGEV?

Que. List 2 conditions that make piglets more susceptible to porcine rotavirus.

Que. Which of the seven rotavirus serogroups is the most common?

Que. What type of virus is a rotavirus?

Que. True or False??? Piglets born to gilts are at less risk than those farrowed by older sows, who are more likely to have naturally high virus neutralizing titers that protect the nursing piglets.

Que. Where do rotaviruses replicate in the gastrointestinal tract of swine?

Que. What type of diarrhea is produced as a result of porcine rotavirus infection?

Que. What stage of the protozoan Balantidium coli is found in the cecum and anterior colon of swine usually as a commensal?

Que. How can porcine rotavirus be prevented?

Que. Is Balantidium coli a primary or secondary invader?

Que. What three coccidian infect swine?

Que. What is the greatest risk of exposure for infection of Isospora parasuis?

Que. What is the transmission route of swine coccidiosis?

Que. True or False. Giardiasis is a zoonotic disease. (swine chapter)

Que. What is the transmission route of swine giardiasis?

Que. What stain would be used to diagnose swine giardiasis?

Que. True or False. Giardia exists as a commensal in the vast majority of domestic swine.

Que. Young swine can be infected with nematodes. What is the common name for Trichuris suis?

Que. True or False. Trichuris suis is a zoonotic disease that can infect humans and nonhuman primates. (swine chapter)

Que. Trichuris suis eggs are infective after ________ weeks in the environment and for as long as _______ years.

Que. Prepatency for Trichuris suis is ______ weejks.

Que. _______________ is the small intestinal threadworm of swine that is most prevalent in warm climates and causes morbidity in suckling pigs.

Que. True or False. Larvae of S. ransomi can infect pigs in utero as well as by the oral, percutaneous, and transcolostral routes.

Que. Control of S. ransomi can be achieved by treating sows with _______ several weeks before farrowing to prevent transmission to piglets.

Que. What is the etiologic agent for Eperythrozoon suis?

Que. Eperythrozoon suis (E. suis) is a member of the ________ family, tribe ________.

Que. The acute form of E. suis is mostly seen in what age pig?

Que. What species of domestic animal is the reservoir for E. suis?

Que. E. suis can be mechanically transmitted by _______________?

Que. What is the common name for exudative epidermitis (ES) in swine?

Que. What is the etiologic agent that causes ES in swine?

Que. What is the name of the toxins associated with S. hyicus?

Que. What are the three antigenically different toxins in SHET?

Que. What are the signs of greasy pig disease?

Que. What are differential diagnoses for greasy pig disease?

Que. What is the persistence of Staph. hyicus in the environment? What predisposes animals to infection?

Que. What are some ways to protect animals from infection?

Que. What is the treatment for greasy pig disease?

Que. What virus family and genus is Swine Pox virus in? What age is most commonly affected? What is the difference in clinical signs between young piglets and adults?

Que. Where are most gross swine pox lesions commonly found?

Que. How does the swine pox virus enter the body?

Que. What is the hallmark sign of swine pox?

Que. What is the cause of sarcoptic mange in swine?

Que. There are two clinical forms of sarcoptic mange in swine. The acute pruritic, or ______________ form affects younger, growing pigs. The chronic or _______________ form is typically found in mature sows and boars.

Que: The hyperkeratotic form of mange is most often seen in young or mature animals?

Que: How can mange from sarcoptes scabiei be prevented in swine?

Que: What are some control measure for scabies in swine?

Que: How can one measure the success of a control program for scabies in swine?

Que: What treatment options are available for scabies in swine?

Que: Which treatment has been shown to have a greater persistent efficacy (Ivermectin or Doramectin)?

Que: What research complications are associated with scabies in swine?

Que: What ectoparasite is associated with pediculosis in swine?

Que: What order and suborder does Haematopinus suis belong to?

Que: What is the size range for male and female Haematopinus suis?

Que: What other lice parasitizes swine?

Que: How does the swine louse parasitize swine?

Que: What are the clinical signs associated with pediculosis?

Que: Where on the body of swine do lice have a predilection to parasitize?

Que: What is the typical size of lice eggs or nits in swine and where do they attach?

Que: How is pediculosis transmitted?

Que: How long will the swine louse survive off the host?

Que: How long is the life cycle of the Haematopinus suis and where does its life cycle?

Que: Haematopinus suis is considered a vector of what two diseases?

Que: At necropsy, H. suis adults can be visualized where?

Que: Where can H. suis nits be visualized at necropsy?

Que: What other skin lesions induced by H. suis can be visualized at necropsy?

Que: What is the pathogenesis of H. Suis?

Que: What population of swine are considered to be reservoir hosts of H. suis?

Que: What preventative and control measures can be taken to prevent H. suis in swine?

Que: Which disease is harder to treat - pediculosis or scabies in swine?

Que: What are the treatment options for H. suis?

Que: What chemical compounds are administered as sprays for treatment of pediculosis in swine?

Que: What chemical compounds are administered as pour-on solutions for pediculosisin swine?

Que: What drugs are typically used as oral or injectable treatments for pediculosis in swine?

Que: Avermectin treatment is also effective for what kind of helminths in swine?

Que: What research complications are associated with pediculosis:

Que: What species of Brucella causes systemic infection and clinical disease, including infertility, in swine?

Que: What biovar of B. suis is the most common cause of disease in swine?

Que: Describe morphologically the characteristics of B. suis?

Que. B. suis infection vary and range from no obvious disease to classical signs, which include ______, infertility, metritis, ______, lameness, spondylitis, and posterior paralysis.

Que. The clinical disease of B suis in piglets of weaning age consists of ______ and ________.

Que. The European hare is a carrier for biovar ____ and has been linked to brucellosis in European swine facilities.

Que. Transmission is most frequently through contaminated discharges from infected swine being _____ by a susceptible animal. Additionally, nursing piglets frequently become infected while _______. B. suis is present in ______ of infected boars

Que. Gross lesions from B suis are variable but generally consist of one or more ________ and there may be erosions of mucous membranes and __________.

Que. The best prevention of B suis is to allow only __________ swine from validated herds into a facility. Test and elimination of seropositives is difficult because of problems with _______ and ________ serological assays.

Que. Brucellosis is a ______ and ________ disease in the United States.

Que. ________ is one of the most common species implicated in cases with human brucellosis.

Que. Leptospira interrogans is a gram _____, motile aerobic spirochete. The serovar _____ is the most common cause of clinical leptospirosis in swine and the serovar _______ is commonly found in serologic surveys and sometimes correlated with clinical disease.

Que. Leptospira serovar the are occasionally found to infect swine include __________ from the brown rat, ______ from small rodents, _______ from cattle, _______ from dogs, ________ from wildlife, and ________ from opossums, skunks, and raccoons.

Que. The acute form of Leptospirosis is characterized by a mild disease that resolves within ____ week and usually goes unrecognized. Rarely seen are piglets less than _____ week of age infected with strains from the serogroup icterohaemorrhagiae. The chronic form is characterized by late-term abortions, ______ and weak newborn piglets. This is particularly true of serovar ________ infection. Infertility of the sow is seen following infections due to serovar __________, however reproductive performance following abortions due to ______ is not affected.

Que. Transmission of Leptospirosis is by direct or indirect contact with a carrier animal which harbors leptospires in the _______ or ________.

Que. How is leptospires shed in swine into the environment?

Que. In swine, serovar bratis lava (Leptospirosis) is spread by what mode?

Que. Which one is not a sero group of leptospirosis in swine?a) pomona b) australis c) tarassovi d) tuenchen

Que. What is the route of infection for Leptospirosis in swine?

Que. A __________ program prevents potential vectors, such as rodents and feral swine, from transmitting Leptospirosis.

Que. What antibiotic is used to control clinical signs of Leptospirosis?

Que. _________ ________ is one of the major infectious causes of embryonic and fetal death.

Que. The major reservoir for Porcine parvovirus is _________?

Que. One gross lesion of Porcine parvovirus is confined to the __________, which may be edematous and have white, chalklike deposits.

Que. Porcine parvovirus is one of the primary diagnostic considerations when swine exhibit __________ or _________ death.

Que. Identifying mummified fetuses that have a crown-rump length of ? ___ cm is a strong indicator that Porcine parvovirus is the infectious agent at play.

Que. Hallmark signs of Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome include _____________ _____________, _________ ____________ _____________, and _____________ __________ seen in a wide range of animals.

Que. The causative agent of Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome is a single-stranded RNA virus classified in the order ____________, family ____________, and genus _____________?

Que. Dyspnea and tachypnea are the most characteristic clinical signs in PRRSV-infected ______ pigs.

Que. As pigs reach _______ age, the clinical signs shift to include fever, pneumonia, failure to thrive, and significant mortality caused by otherwise non-life-threatening concurrent bacterial infections.

Que. Porcine stress syndrome (PSS) refers to a cascade of physiologic events and clinical signs that occur in pigs that have a __________________.

Que. Porcine stress syndrome mutation results in a hypersensitive triggering mechanism of the calcium-release channel in the skeletal muscle _________

Que. The disease PSS is best controlled by ___________________.

Que. Salt poisoning, also known as sodium ion toxicosis, by far, the most common initiator for the condition is __________.

Que. What additional clinical symptoms occur with excessive salt consumption vs water deprevation causing salt poisoning in pigs?

Que. What is the pathogenesis of salt poisoning in pigs?

Que. What are the histologic findings in salt poisoning of pigs?

Que. What is the treatment for salt poisoning in pigs?

Que. Which region of the pig stomach is involved in the condition, gastric ulcers?

Que. What are the clinical signs of the peracute condition of gastric ulcers in pigs?

Que. What are the clinical signs of the acute condition of gastric ulcers in pigs?

Que. What are the clinical signs of the subacute or chronic condition of gastric ulcers in pigs?

Que. What are the differential diagnosis of gastric ulcer condition in pigs?

Que. Is the pars oesophagea in pigs glandular or nonglandular?

Que. How is gastric ulcers prevented in pigs?

Que. What are the most common tumors reported in swine?

Que. What is the most common form of swine LSA?

Que. Which of the sexes in swine has a predeliction for embyona nephroma?

Que. Which breeds of swine have the highest incidence of melanomas?

Que. _____ and _____ hernias are two of the most common developmental defects found in swine.

Que. ______ is one of the main causes of noninfectious neonatal mortality in swine.

Que. Neonatal pigs are deficient in hepatic _______; consequently, they are very susceptible to hypoglycemia with short periods of milk deprivation (36 hrs).

Que. ____ deficiency anemia of the microcytic, hypochromic type occurs commonly in suckling pigs that are not supplemented after birth.

Que. The most plausible explanation for the problem of tail, vulva, ear and flank biting is the lack of sufficient ______ ______ for laboratory housed swine.