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The rules which govern the sequences of words and phrases in the sentences of a language are what comprise the component of _____________.
syntax
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In a sentence the noun phrase(s) and the verb phrase are the major ________________.
constituents
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Those aspects of nouns (as well as other words) which constrain their co-occurrence with other words are referred to as _________ _________.
semantic features
-
A noun such as milk would be noted as _________ (+ or - count)
- count
-
Words or phrases which serve to quantify, qualify, modify, rank or specify a noun are referred to as __________.
determiners
-
The words a, an, and some represent __________ which are marked __________ (+ definite) or (-definite)
articles, - definite
-
The distinction in applying a, an, or some versus the is that the former forms are used to refer to ______ information whereas the latter form is used to encode ______ information.
new, old
-
Determiners which are used to denote singularity vs. plurality a well as relative proximity or distance from the speakers perspective are called ___________.
demonstratives
-
Words that indicate the number or relative quantity in a set are _________ whereas words that indicate position or order are _____________.
Cardinals, ordinals
-
Words and forms that indicate relative quantities or degrees of a quality in comparing two things are called ___________. Words and forms that do this in comparing three or more things are _______________.
comparatives, superlatives
-
Write the syntactic formula for each of the following noun phrases:
The three stars
art [+def] + card + N[+plural]
-
Write the syntactic formula for each of the following noun phrases:
Some bigger boxes
art[-def] + comp adj + N[+plural]
-
Write the syntactic formula for each of the following noun phrases:
Those first two children
dem + ord + card + N [+irr.plural]
-
Write the syntactic formula for each of the following noun phrases:
Our last house
gen + ord + N
-
Write the syntactic formula for each of the following noun phrases:
The most money
art [+def] + super adj + N
-
A modifier that preceds and modifies a noun is an __________; a noun that preceds and modifies a noun is a __________ _________; a word or phrase which serves to modify a verb is an ____________.
Adjective, noun adjunct, adverbial
-
Because each adjective embeds additional semantic information about the noun, adjectives are sometimes referred to as semantic __________.
propositions
-
The three degress of an adjectival form are the base form, the -er or __________ form, and the -est or the ___________ form.
comparative, superlative
-
Adjectives may be formed from nouns and verbs through the use of _____________ inflections.
derivational
-
A word that expresses action or makes a statement regarding a process or the state of some entity is a ________.
verb
-
In traditional grammar the
NP in S----NP + VP
was referred to as the subject and the VP was called the _____________.
predicate
-
Classify the verbs in the following sentences as action, process or state verbs.
a. The boy pulled the wagon.
b. The girl was friendly.
c. The dog became angry.
- a. pulled (action)
- b. was (state)
- c. became (process)
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The uninflected form of a verb is also its __________ form.
base
-
The verb form which implies a general characteristic activity or a regularly recurring activitiy is the _______ ________ _______ ________.
third person singular present
-
Past verbs take two forms ________ and ____________.
regular and irregular
-
The different phonetic forms used to indicated third person singualr present (/-s/, /-z/, /-ez/) and regular past tense (/-t/, /-d/, /-ed/) are referred to as ___________.
allomorphs
-
Finite forms of verbs include the simple _________, simple ________, and the __________ _______ ________ _______.
base, past, third person singular present
-
Nonfinite forms would include the _________ participle and ________ participle forms.
perfect, progressive
-
Since auxiliaries are by definition "helping" verbs, they must occur with a _______ verb.
main
-
Auxiliary forms which can convey various "moods" (such as permission, necessity, obligation, etc) are referred to as __________.
modals
-
Be- auxiliaries used with progressive and perfect verb forms vary according to person, number and ___________.
tense
-
When the Have- auxiliary is present the _________ verb form is required.
perfect
-
Analyze the following verb phrases as in the example
The boy was running.
past progressive
-
Analyze the following verb phrases as in the example:
The duck is quacking.
is quacking - present progresssive (singular)
-
Analyze the following verb phrases as in the example:
The man has washed.
has washed - present perfect (third person)
-
Analyze the following verb phrases as in the example:
I have eaten now.
have eaten - present perfect (first person)
-
Analyze the following verb phrases as in the example:
They are playing.
are playing - present progressive (plural)
-
Analyze the following verb phrases as in the example:
She had fallen.
had fallen - past perfect (third person)
-
In the following sentences indicate the name of the underlined constituent as in the examples:
She should be playing now.
modal auxiliary
-
In the following sentences indicate the name of the underlined constituent as in the examples:
He is kicking the ball.
Be- auxiliary
-
In the following sentences indicate the name of the underlined constituent as in the examples:
They may have been singing.
multiple auxiliary
-
In the following sentences indicate the name of the underlined constituent as in the examples:
They will watch a movie.
modal auxiliary
-
In the following sentences indicate the name of the underlined constituent as in the examples:
She had taken her pills.
Have - auxiliary
-
In the following sentences indicate the name of the underlined constituent as in the examples:
The dog was barking.
Be- auxiliary
-
In the following sentences indicate the name of the underlined constituent as in the examples:
It could fall on you.
modal auxiliary
-
In the following sentences indicate the name of the underlined constituent as in the examples:
Bill is fixing the car.
Be - auxiliary
-
In the following sentences indicate the name of the underlined constituent as in the examples:
He has entered the race.
Have - auxiliary
-
Verb forms which must occur alone are called ___________ while those that require an auxiliary are_________.
finite, nonfinite
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