-
accessory organs of reproduction in women
-
term that refers to the external female genitalia
vulva
-
mammary glands are referred to as
additional sex glands
-
the ovaries are homologous to the male ___
testes
-
cells of ovarian tissue secrete
- -estradiol
- -estrone
- -progesterone
-
the bulging upper component of the uterus
fundus
-
innermost lining of the uterus
endometrium
-
terminal end of birth canal
vagina
-
site of mentruation
uterus
-
site of fertilization
uterine tubes
-
receptacle for sperm
vagina
-
True or False: ovarian follicles contrain oocytes
True
-
the external genitals of the female may be referred to collectively as the
pudendum
-
mensees occurs on days ___ of a new cycle
1-5
-
ovulation usually occurs on cycle day ___ of a 28 day cycle
14
-
failure to have a menstrual cycle is termed
amenorrhea
-
hormone that triggers ovulation
luteinizing hormone (LH)
-
avg age at which menopause occurs
45-50 yrs
-
True or False: cyclical changes in the ovaries result from cyclical changes in the amts of gonadotropins secreted by the anterior pituitary
True
-
often occurs from STIs or from a "yeast infection"
vaginitis
-
benign tumor of smooth muscle and fibrous connective tissue; also known as fibroid tumor
myoma
-
absence of normal menstruation
amenorrhea
-
collection of symptoms that regularly occur in many women during the premenstrual phase
premenstrual syndrome (PMS)
-
acute or chronic inflammation caused by pathogens which spread up from vagina
pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
-
painful menstruation
dysmenorrhea
-
whitish discharge
leukorrhea
-
essential organ of reproduction
ovary
-
external reproductive organ
endometriosis
-
yeast infection
candida albicans
-
inflammation of the uterine tube
salpingitis
-
-
phase that occurs between ovulation and the onset of the menses
premenstrual or postovulatory
-
stimulates breast alveoli to secrete milk
prolactin
-
stimulates breast alveoli to eject milk
oxytocin
-
sexual cell division is known as
meiosis
-
immediately after ovulation, cells of the reptured follicle enlarge and become transformed into the
corpus luteum
-
marked by the passge of 1 full yr without menstruation
menopause
-
occurs on days 1-5 of a new cycle
menses or menstrual period
-
permits discharge of materials between the offspring's blood and the maternal blood
placenta
-
menopause (or climacteric)
- -avg age at which menstruation ceases= 45-50 yrs
- -gonadotropins extracted from the urine of menopausal women (menotropins) are used as fertility drugs
- -relatively low concentrations of gonadotropins (FSH and LH) sustain a peak of estrogen secretion from menarche to menopause.
- -After menopause, estrogen concentration decreases dramatically-causing a negative feedback response that increases the gonadotropin levels
- -the increased gonadotropin level no longer has no effect on estrogen secretion
-
follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
-source
-target
-action
- source: anterior pituitary (gonadotroph cells)
- target: ovary
- action: gonadotropin; promotes development of ovarian follicle; stimulates estrogen secretion
-
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
-source
-target
-action
- source: hypothalamus (neuroendocrine cells)
- target: anterior pituitary (gonadotroph cells)
- action: stimulates production and release of gonadotropins (FSH and LH) from anterior pituitary
-
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
-source
-target
-action
- source: anterior pituitary (gonadotroph cells)
- target: ovary
- action: Gonadotropin; triggers ovulation; promotes development of corpus luteum
-
Progesterone
-source
-target
-action
- source: ovary and placenta
- target: uterus, mammary glands, other tissues
- action: helps maintain proper conditions for pregnancy
-
Estrogen
-source
-target
-action
- source: ovary and placenta (small amts in other tissues)
- target: uterus, breast, other tissues
- action: stimulates development of female sexual characteristics, breast development, bone and nervous system maintanance
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