asbogstudy4

Glacial, Karst, Eolian

• 1. A soluable rock, preferably limestone, at or near the surface
• 2. A dense rock, highly jointed and thin-bedded
• 3. Entrenched valleys below uplands underlain by soluble and well-jointed rocks
• 4. Region of moderate to abundant rainfall

a red clayey soil found mantling the ground surface and extending into joints or fractures resulting from surface or near surface solution

grooved or fluted surface resulting from the solution of limestone at or near the surface in an area of high relief

a circular depression that is commonly funnel shaped and car be a few feet to a hunder feet in diameter; formed by either 1. solution of the rock beneath the soil (doline) or 2. collapse of the rock over an underground cavity (a collapse sink)

A pond or lake resulting from the clogging by clay of a doline sinkhole that perches water above the water table

a hole in the bottom of a sinkhole which allows surface water runoff or streams to flow into the subsurface cavities

a hole in teh ground in whihc one can observe an underground stream flowing from one cavern to another

an elongated kasrt window that has occurred by the collapse of an extensive portion of a subsurface waterway

a sinkhole formed by solutional modification of the rock in a previously faulted or folder structure

a non-tectonic feature, up to 10 miles in length, resulting from convurrent subsidence and solution along joints or fautls

a limestone plain exhibiting sieve-like characteristics resulting from numberous sinkholes intercepting any surface waters and diverting them to subsurface channels

any surface creek or stream which disappears underground in karst terrain

the point at which sinking creeks end, often in an observable swallow hole

a valley that ends at a swallow hole due to a prolonged period of upstream erosion above the sinkhole

a transitional feature between surface and subsurface drainage in an area of clastic rocks

features produced by the undergournd flow of water in karst terrain. When the tunnel section collapse leaving only small segments, bridges are formed.

isolated hill remnants due to erosion by solution in karst terrain

large caves that may extend in any direction, have one or several levles, and are created by solution of limestone along joints and bedding planes

a deposit of calcium carbonate precipitate that can be found in limesone caverns coating the cavern walls, floors, and ceilings

the travertine deposits that result from the calcium carbontate-rich water dripping from the celing of a cave or cavern. Stalactites - downward protrusions; Stalagmites - upward protrustion

an irregular twiglike deposit that forms in a cavern where there is not enough water to form drips but the surface remains damp or the water comes from a tiny hole or tube within the deposit and the water flows out the end

• 1. Large accumulation or mass of ice and snow
• 2. Located on or principally on land
• 3. Formed by compaction and recrystallization of snow
• 4. Evidence of past or present movement
• 5. Remains from year to year

a horseshoe-shaped hollow high on a mountainside that was created by the erosive action at the head of a glacier

a small deep lake formed in a cirque basin

a smooth surface produced on bedrock by abrasion by the movement of a glacier

lines scraped into the bedrock by rocks being carried along at the base of the glacier

a steep-sided valley that extends down from the cirque in which glacial action has widened and deepened an existing valley

a series of cross-valley that extends down from the cirque which are characterized by a relatively flat floor or with a slight upvalley slope broke by steeper sections stepping down valley

a series of chain of lakes occupying the glacial steps

a U-shaped glacial tributary valley truncated by a deeper U-shaped glacial main valley

a jagged sharp sawtooth-like ridge that results from the growth of cirques on opposite sides of a mountain ridge by alpine glaciation

a narrow sharpe-edged pass or sag between cirque head and side walls along an arete

a jagged sharp peak at the high point in an arete which has been sculpted by the erosional action of three or more cirques

a horn that has been isolated by the lateral intersection of cirques

a ridge, which once protruded intor a pre-glacial valley, that has been truncated by the abrasion of glacial action as it straightened the valley

A submerged glacial trough or valley at its seaward end resulting from the raising of se level as the glaciers melted

similar to fjords in that they consist of a long glacial trough an contain water but are found above sea level

a mound or ridge compose of accumulated glacial drift or till deposited directly by the glacier. Composed of heterogeneous collection of unsorted and unstratified clay, silt, sand, gravel and boulders

an arcuate moraine that has been deposited at the terminus of the glacier, marking the furthest progression of the glaciation

a linear moraine located along the edge of a valley glacier and composed of materials deposited on the glacier from the valley walls

a linear moraine paralleling the valley walls which occurs when two valley glaciers merge joining the two inside lateral moraines

a long, narrow deposit of outwash (sand and gravel), deposited by glacial meltwater, which begins at the end moraine and extends downvalley

a plain that has fromed by the filling of a lake with lake sediments and alluvium which has been deposited along the margin of the glacier

alos called knob-and-kettle topography, a hummocky landscape consisting of knolls or mounds of glacial drift in an area also interspersed with basins and kettles

an assemblage of erosional landforms on exposed bedrock resulting from the flow of an ice cap

an elongated bedrock know which is oriented parallel to the direction of glacial flow and has a smooth rounded upstream end and usually a steep rough downstream end where the glacier plucked out the rock as it moved away

a serioes of smooth rounded erosional rock mounds alternating with parallel valleys resulting from the smoothing off of a mountainous region by the ice cap

similar to that found in alpine glaciation

also called ground moraine, deposition by an ice cap of glacial till forming a relatively flat to undulated surface which covers an extensive area and buries the preglacial topography

refers to all rock and associated material that has been carried by and deposited by a glacier, glacial ice, or water running from a glacier

an unsorted, unstratified glacial deposit composed of a heterogeneous miexture of clay, silt, sand, gravel and boulders by an ice cap

used interchangeably with till plain

a till rich in clay may result in a gently undulating surface which often is also found in areas that have had multiple glaciations

an elongated ellipsoidal feature whihc can be composed of a wide variety of till materials ranging from clays to relatively large rock fragments

a broad plain composed of outwash, stratified debris that is carried by meltwater streams both in front of and beyond the terminal or end moraine

serpentine-shaped deposits develop as the load carried by the streams flowing beneath, within, and above the glacier, once it has beomce stagnant, is dropped

a depression in the postglacial terrain formed by the melting of a large stagnant ice block allowing the sttlement of the overlying glacial drift

a small hummock or terrace of ice-contact drift that has resulted from the deposition of sediment either in crevasses at the surface of the glacier, on the irregular surface of stagnant glaciers, or often from streams flowing at the edge of the glacier along the contact of the ice with the valley wall

a long, jagged, sharp-edged ridge between troughs, oriented with the direction of the prevailing winds, in an arid region which is underlain by relatively weak materials

stones that have been abraded by the wind on at least one side so they are polished or faceted

commonly called balanced rocks, these formations are a result of a combination of wind and water erosion (deflation) in an area where there are resistant rocks capping weaker more easily eroded rocks

a depression caused by deflation in an area where eithere migrating dunes exist or a small break develops in the surficial integrity of a stabilized windblown deposit or in some cases the underlying material is composed of a poorly to non-indurated material

sometimes called desert armor, is a name applied to the relatively flat residual surface or closely-packed , wind-polished stones

small scale features that are usually found on the surfaces of snad deposits resulting from the flow of wind or water over the surface

both form as a result of an obstruction in the path of migrating sands. Sand shadow forms behind the obstruction where the velocity o the wind declines causing the sand to drop; Sand drifts develop in the lee (downwind side) of a gap where the velocity of the wind delcines after passing through the gap

sand that is piled up as a result of transportation by the wind of sand-sized particles

crescent-shaped, tails to leeward, rarely vegetated

crescent-shaped, tails to windward, often associated with some vegetative cover

perpendicular to the wind, exhibits the traditional gentle windward slope and the steep slip face nearing the angle of repose. Both Barchan and Parabolic are varieties of the transverse dune

parallel ot the wind, thought to develop in areas in which the prevailing wind causes the dunes to lengthen in the direction of the wind but the dune height increases due to the corss winds during periods of irregular wind flow

a very large hill or ridge of sand elongated parallel to the prevailing wind; usually 100+ miles long, couple miles wide and 150+ ft high

similar to whaleback but much smaller

extensive flat areas covered with a coarse-grained snad that does not form dunes, but typically are covered with ripple marks

wind-blown silt that is calcareous, homogeneous, and permeable. Loess covers extensive areas in the Pacific Northwest and Mississippi Valley regions