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Validity
the ability of a testto predict future performance
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Population
the group of subjects that a sample is drawn from
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Variance
a measure of how far the actual result is from the expected value
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Scatterplot
a graph containing a plot of points that analyzes the correlation of twofactors; the scale being from -1 to 1 and the slope of the line of bet fitbeing the correlation
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Type I error
A false positive confusing a hypothesis when infact the null hypothesis is correct
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Type 2 error
A false negative rejecting a true experimental hypothesis
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z score
(standard score) a measure in standard deviations of how far a score falls from the mean
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range
the difference between the highest and lowest scores in a distribution
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Absolute Threshold
the minimum stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulus 50% of the time
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Depth Perception
the ability to see objects in three dimensions although the images that strike the retina are 2-D; allows us to judge distance
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Binocular Cues
depth cues, such as retinal disparity and convergence, that depend on the use of two eyes
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Just Noticeable Difference
(difference threshold) the minimum difference between two stimuli required for detection 50% of the time
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Binocular Disparity
– a binocular cue for perceiving depth; by comparing images from the two eyeballs, the brain computes distance – the greater the disparity (difference) between the two images, the closer the object
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Perceptual Set
a mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another
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Opponent Process Theory
the theory that humans see colors in contrasting pairs (red-green, yellow-blue, andblack-white) because of opponent processing cells in the thalamus
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Cone
retinal receptor cells that are concentrated near the center of the retina and that function in daylight or in well-lit conditions. The cones detect fine detail and give rise to color sensations
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Lens
the transparent structure behind the pupil that changes shaped to help focus images on the retina
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Retina
the light-sensitive inner surface to the eye, containing the receptor rods and cones plus layers of neurons that begin the processing of visual information
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Retinal Disparity
a binocular cue for perceiving depth; by comparing images from the two eyeballs, the brain computes distance – the greater the disparity (difference) between the two images, the closer the object
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Afterimage
an optical illusion that occurs after looking away from a direct gaze at an image
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