MCB Exam 4: 4/13

3 types vaccines

Type of immunity in which vaccinated individuals can infect those around them

Type of vaccine which requires multiple doeses b/c have few antigenic determinants

Technique which allows making of improved vaccines by putting diff org's (like bacteria's) genes into another, to become incorporated

Problems w/vaccinations

What is passive immunization and when is it given?

How are passive immunizations made?

Part of antigen that antibody recognizes and binds to

Immune testing uses ______ ______ and diagnostic use of ______ _____ interactions in blood serum

Types of Immune (Serological) Testing

The study of immune rxns: antigen-antibody interactions

Test which is based on idea that antigens and antibody mixed form large macromolecular complexes in the form of white bands; this happens in the body, causing inflammation, such as inflam of joints, heart, etc

Test performed in lab to test for precipitates & detects soluble antigens (promotes phagocytosis)

Occurs due to cross-linking of antibodies w/particulate antigens, visible to naked eye

Agglutination vs Precipatation

Prevents binding to target site

Type of test done to test if an individual has been exposed to a virus

Type of test which uses antibody molecules that are linked to some molecular "label" that enables them to be easily detected; to detect antigens or antibodies

Examples of Labeled Antibody Tests

Test which labels cell w/antibody w/fluorescent colors, view on microscope

Test which identifies antibodies, which indicates:
-exposure & u made antibodies
-infection
-what type of infection (Qualitative)
-how much (Quantitative)

Increased _______ can indicate allergies or parasitic worm infection

Bacterial diseases often show increase in ______ and in ________.

Viral infections show increase in _______.

4 types of Hypersensitivity

Type of hypersensitivity which is localized or systemic which results from release of inflammatory molecules in response to an antigen
Develops w/in secs or mins

Type of hypersensitivity which results when own cells are destroyed by an immune response, often due to the combined activities of complement and antibodies; often is component of autoimmune diseases

2 Examples of Type II (cytotoxic) Hypersensitivity

______ (1st or 2nd) time getting incompatible blood transfusion will have violent rxn

Antigen that is common to the rb cells of humans & which transports anions and glucose across the cytosplasmic membrane

____ individuals have the Rh antigen on their rb cells while _____ individuals do not

Anti-Rh serum drug which is given to Rh- pregnant women that destroys any fetal rb cells that may have entered the body, causing desensitization of the mother and subsequent pregnancies are safer

Type of hypersensitivity that is due to the formation of antibody-antigen complexes (immune-complexes); attracts inflammation and can cause systemic or localized rxns

2 Examples of systemic Type III hypersensitivity

2 Examples of localized Type III hypersensitivity

Immune complexes circulating in the bloodstream are deposited on the walls of glomeruli of kidneys, damaging the glomerular cells which impedes blood filtration, which results in kidney failure
(Inflammation & release of chemicals that destroy bvs in kidneys)