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Purpose of clinical laboratories
- a.
- Provision of clinically useful info for
- diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of disease
- b.
- Provision of info in biochemicals as indicators
- of health status
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4 areas of info provided by the clinical lab
a. screening
b. diagnosis
c. monitoring
d. prognosis
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differentiate the purpose of the clinical lab from other lab departments
provision of info in biochemicals as indicators of health status
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any hormone, enzyme, antibody, or other substance
- that is detected in the urine, blood, or other body fluids or tissues that may
- serve as a sign of a disease or other abnormality.
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3 types of analytes clinical chem. Department
measures
- a.
- organic biochemicals-carbs, lipids, proteins,
- nucleic acids
- b.
- inorganic chemicals- ions, metals, gases
- i. indicate
- homeostasis-dynamic balance body has at keeping metabolic processes at an even
- keel
- c.
- exogenous chemicals- drugs, vitamins
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homeostasis
equilibrium kept by the body given internal and external stimuli
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types of analytic analysis used in clinical lab
- c.
- electroanalytical methods
chromatography
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precision
- a.
- measure of reproducibility in a measurement
- i. same
- result repeatedly when testing same specimen
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accuracy
- measure of how close a measured value is to the real value
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sensitivity
ability to detect small quantities
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specificity
no cross reactivity or interference from other substances
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3 types of variables that need to be controlled
in chemistry testing
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types of specimens routinely used
- i. serum-
- liquid portion of clotted blood
- ii. plasma-
- liquid portion of unclotted blood, still contains fibrinogen
i. Amniotic
ii. Synovial
iii. Pericardial
iv. Pleural
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diurnal variation
peaks at different times of the day
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