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All the activities directly related to the sale of goods and services to the ultimate consumer for personal, nonbusiness use.
Retailing
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Retailers owned by a single person or partnetship and not operated as part of a larger retail institution.
Independent Retailers
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Stores owned and operated as a group by a single organization.
Chain Stores
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The right to operate a business or to sell a product.
Franchise
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The amount of money the retailer makes as a percentage of sales after the cost of goods sold is subtracted.
Gross Margin
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A store housing several departments under one roof.
Department Store
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A department head who selects the merchandise for his or her department and may also be responsible for promotion and personnel.
Buyer
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A retail store specializing in a given type of merchandise.
Specialty Store
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A large, departmentalized, self-service retailer that specializes in food and some nonfood items.
Supermarket
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The tendency to offer a wide variety of nontraditional goods and services under one roof.
Scrambled Merchandising
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A retail store that stocks pharmacy-related products and services as its main draw.
Drugstore
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A miniature supermarket, carrying only a limited line of high-turnover convenience goods.
Convenience Store
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A retailer that competes on the basis of low prices, high turnover, and high volume.
Discount Store
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A retailer that offers consumers very limited service and carries a broad assortment of well-known, nationally branded "hard goods."
Full-Line Discount Store
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A retailing strategy using moderate to low prices on large quantities of merchandise and lower levels of service to stimulate high turnover of products.
Mass Merchadising
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A retail store that combines groceries and general merchandise goods with a wide range of services.
Supercenter
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A retail store that offers a nearly complete selection of single-line merchadise and uses self-service, discount prices, high volume, and high turnover.
Specialty Discount Store
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Limited-service merchant wholesalers that sell a limited selection of brand-name appliances, household items, and groceries on a cash-and-carry basis to members, usually small businesses and groups.
Warehouse Membership Clubs
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A retailer that sells at prices 25% or more below traditional department store prices because it pays cash for its stock and usually doesn't ask for return privileges.
Off-Price Retailer
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An off-price retailer that is owned and operated by a manufacturer.
Factory Outlet
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Shopping without visiting a store.
Nonstore Retailing
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The use of machines to offer goods for sale.
Automatic Vending
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The selling of products by representatives who work door-to-door, office-to-office, or at home sale parties.
Direct Retailing
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Techniques used to get consumers to make a purchase from their home, office, or another nonretail setting.
Direct Marketing (Direct-Response Marketing)
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The use of the telephone to sell directly to consumers.
Telemarketing
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A type of shopping available to consumers with personal computers and access to the internet.
Online Retailing
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The originator or a trade name, product, methods of operation, and so on that grants operating rights to another party to sell its product.
Franchisor
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An individual or business that is granted the right to sell another party's product.
Franchisee
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A combination of the six P's-product, place, promotion, price, presentaion, and personnel-to sell goods and services to the ultimate consumer.
Retailing Mix
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The mix of products offered to the consumer by the retailer; also called the product assortment or merchandise mix.
Product Offering
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Stores that consumers purposely plan to visit.
Destination Stores
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The overall impression conveyed by a store's physical layout, decor, and surroundings.
Atmosphere
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