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What is the IT role in a business model?
- Support business
- accounting, finance, management, marketing, and operation/service functions
- Facilitate company
- data and information, computing power, technical know-how and disciplines
- critical to the effective management of information on a large scale
- Improve the financial
- bottom line
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Architecture
- Is the art and science of structuring a knowledge base (technically
- data and information) based on a supportive infrastructure and applications that deploy business processes and generate managerial
- and worker knowledge
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Infrastructure
- The number and types of hardware the organization uses, the operating systems that
- runs on them and the communications networks that allow individuals and
- computers to talk to each other
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Applications
- The function- or process-specific computer programs the organization uses and also
- the process by which they are created, maintained and managed
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Data
All the companies data
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Disparate Architecture
- Infrastructure, applications, and data do not easily
- connect
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How Do Information Systems Provide Competitive Advantages?
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Business model
- •A
- framework for creating economic, social, and/or other forms of value
- •A
- framework within which a company uses it resources to produces services and
- goods
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Business process
- •A
- collection of related, structured activities or tasks that produce a
- specific service or product (serve a particular goal) for a particular customer
- or customers
- •Make
- up the business model
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Processes
•Functional: USPS accepts and meters a customer’s package
- •Cross-functional: USPS accepts and meters a customer’s package and
- places the package into the distribution system
- •Interorganizational: USPS accepts and meters a customer’s package, places
- the package into the distribution system, and transfers to the package to FedEx
- for overnight logistical transfer
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eXtensible Markup Language
(XML)
- •Purchase
- amount, bank name, routing information, and personal bank account information
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SOAP
- •Protocol
- for exchanging messages encoded in XML
- •Translate
- debit XML message for transmission across the Internet and proprietary banks
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Economic Recovery
Package “Smart Electricity Grid”
- •Interconnected
- system of smart electricity meters and sensors that increase efficiency,
- reliability, and encourage green technologies
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Smart Grid
- Advanced metering
- infrastructure: a smart meter that sends a constant stream of data back to
- utility computers
- Greater control,
- minimize power outages, and identify catastrophic failures
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Example
- Explorers, Pioneers,
- Settlers, Followers
Explorer –FedEx
Pioneer – UPS
Follower - USPS
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Business Process Management (BPM)
- the systematic
- process of creating, assessing, and altering business processes
•Stages:
Create components
Implement processes
Assess results
(repeat)
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Functional Processes
- Processes
- which involve activities within a single department or function.
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Cross-Functional Processes
- Involve
- activities among several business departments
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Interorganizational Processes
- Involve
- activities across organizational boundaries
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Object Management Group (OMG):
- Created
- a standard set of terms and graphical notations for documenting business
- processes à Business
- Process Modeling Notation (BPMN)
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Resources
- People
- or equipment that can be assigned to activities
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Swim-lane Layout
- Each
- role is shown in its own horizontal rectangle;
- draws attention to interactions among resources involved in the process
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Database
- A collection of data
- stored in a repository that is managed by a system software called a relational
- database management system (RDBMS)
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The Purpose of a Database
- To organize and keep
- track of things
- •Keep lists of single
- concept
- •Example: Student test
- scores in a course
Databases
- •Keep lists that
- involve multiple themes/concepts
- •Examples: Student
- grades, grades for all courses in a department, courses offered in all
- departments, faculty records, and so on
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Entities
(Table)
- something users want
- to track
- •Order, customer,
- salesperson, item, volunteer, donation
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Attributes
(Column):
- describe
- characteristics of an entity
•OrderNumber, CustomerNumber, VolunteerName, PhoneNumber
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Identifier
(Key):
- attribute that
- uniquely identifies one entity instance from other instances
•Student_ID_Number
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