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Long bones are generally longer, narrower and denser in _________. They are thus less subject to osteoporosis and other diseases involving bone loss.
African Americans
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RISK FACTORS: MUSCULOSKELETAL
Tepmoromandibular Joint Dysfunction (TMJ)
Gender: _________
Mechanical Factors: (4) __________
- Females/between puberty-memopause 90%
- Malocclusion "bad bite" - Bruxism (grinding teeth) abnormal bite and faulty dentures
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RISK FACTORS: MUSCULOSKELETAL
Gout
Gender: ________
Diseases: ________
Medications: ________
_________
_________
_________
- *Male
- *Diabetes, hyperlipidemia & arteriosclerosis >risk for gout
- *Meds: diuretics for hypertension & low dose aspirin >uric acid levels
- *Alcohol-binge drinking>uric acid levels
- *Obesity-gaining >30lbs. ideal body wt during adulthood increases risk
- *Hypertension-25-50% have gout have hypertension
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RISK FACTORS: MUSCULOSKELETAL
Osteoarthritis
Gender:
_______
_______
_______
_______
- *Women >45 years more than men
- but in men <45 more than women
- *being OVERWEIGHT puts stress on joint
- *Repeated cartilage damage
- *Injury to knee or hip increases risk
- *Lack of exercise weakens muscles that support joints
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RISK FACTORS: MUSCULOSKELETAL
Osteoporosis
Age:
Gender:
Race:
__________
- *Age: bone density < beginning at 35 yrs
- *Gender: Women have < bone tissue & lose it more redily than men
- *Race: Whites & asians + risk
- *Small boned & think women are at +risk
- *Family history
- *Cigarette smoking, excessive alcohol, inadequate calcium & inadequate wt bearing exercises + risk
- *meds: glucocorticoids, thyroid hormone, antacids contining aluminum, cyclosporin A & heparin
- *Estrogen deficiency from menopause
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Bone pain is typically described as:
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Muscle pain is described as:
crampy
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Sudden onset of pain & erythema in the great toe, ankle & lower leg suggests:
gout
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Pain from _______ & ________ may awaken the client, specially when the client is lying on the affected limb
rheumatoid arthritis & tendonitis
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clients w/ _________experience pain when weight bearing that is releaved by rest
osteoarthritis
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Joint pain that occurs 10-14 days after a sore throat may be associated with:
rheumatic fever
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Screening recommedations for routine osteoporosis should occur for ________
- women age 65 & older.
- *for increased risk (low body weight) should begin at 60
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Muscle twitching of a single muscle group
- Fasciculations (localized)
- *may be caused by side effects of drugs
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Involuntary muscle contractions (generalized)
spasms
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Movement in a full circle
circumduction - combination of all movements of ball-and-socket joint
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To bend back as far as possible
hyperextension
-
-
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_______measures the angle of a joint
goniometer
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_____is a posterior curvature (convexity) of the thoracic spine
Kyphosis
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__________is an anterior curvature (concavity) of the spine
lordosis
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______a lateral curvature of the spine
scoliosis
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Pt should be able to reach _____degrees of flexion while touching his or her toes
70 degrees
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This test is performed by asking the client to flex both wrists and press the dorsum of the hands together for 1 minute
Phalen's sign - testing for carpal tunnel
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This test is performed by tapping on the median nerve where it passes through the carpal tunnel under the flexor retinaculum
Tinel's sign - carpal tunnel
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Rotator cuff damage can be determined with the ________
drop arm test - abduct the pt affected arm & ask pt to lower arm slowley
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This tests for small effusions of the knee
bulge sign test
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This test is used for larger effusions of the knee
ballottement
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