Panic and Interoceptive Sensitivity

-not asking about panic symptoms, how one feels about these symptoms.

• panic-related apprehension
• persistent worry of more panic attacks
• unrealistic concern of consequences of panic attacks
• change in behavior to control panic
• overestimate likelihood of panic attack
• exaggerate negative consequence of panic attack
• underestimate ability to cope

• -intensity of panic attacks
• -unexpected nature/sudden onset
• -flee
• -impending doom
• -sympathetic nervous system turn on

panic disorder

people with AS had significantly lowered fear when they thought they had an antidote to control their fear

Anticipated the most panic from caffeine

Percieved control plays an important role in one's emotional response to physical cues of arousal

High AS had less anxiety if they were expecting the anxious symptoms listed from CO2 description, but experience higher anxiety if were expected to relax due to the fact that CO2 causes physiological symptoms similar to a panic attack.

Low AS never had panic attacks regardless of being told relaxation or anxiety related symptoms would occur.

After CBT, no one has a panic attack anymore

You want them to not care if they have a panic attack

AS is elevated in panic disorder patients than other anxiety disorders

individual with high AS respond to biological challenges with heightened fear

Individuals with high AS are more likely to develop naturally occuring panic attacks than those low in AS

Treatment that reduces AS are effective in lowering panic disorder