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Renal calcifications: tumors �
cysts, RCC;
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Renal calcifications: infection �
TB;
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Renal calcifications: metastatic calcification �
medullary nephrocalcinosis, cortical nephrocalcinosis;
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Renal calcifications: collecting system �
calculi
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Fat in kidney:
AML, lipoma, replacement lipomatosis
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Hypoechoic perirenal fat:
normal variant, perirenal hemorrhage, cyst rupture, SLE, PAN
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Filling defect in collecting system: tumor �
TCC, papilloma, leukoplakia, malakoplakia;
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Filling defect in collecting system: mobile filling defect �
blood clot, sloughed papillae, calculus, fungus ball;
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Filling defect in collecting system: other �
vascular impression, overlying bowel gas
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Papillary necrosis: POSTCARD �
pyelonephritis, obstruction, sickle cell, TB, cirrhosis, analgesics, RVT, DM
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Delayed (persistent) nephrogram: prerenal �
RAS, hypotension;
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Delayed (persistent) nephrogram: renal �
acute glomerulonephritis, ATN (contrast, ischemia, transplants), acute cortical necrosis (pregnancy, sepsis, dehydration), tubular precipitation (uric acid, hemolysis, myeloma), acute interstitial nephritis (antibiotics), papillary necrosis, RVT;
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Delayed (persistent) nephrogram: postrenal �
obstruction (stone, stricture); rule of thumb � symmetric bilateral is medical disease, asymmetric unilateral is surgical
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Striated nephrogram:
acute pyelonephritis, renal contusion, RVT, ureteral obstruction, medullary sponge kidney
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