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What is the job of blood?
carries all substances that must travel throughout the body including nutrients, waste, horomes, electrolytes, antibodies, etc.
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What does blood look like when it is oxygenated and not oxygenated?
- Oxygenated - red
- not oxygenated - blue
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Where does blood travel?
from the heart in arteries, arterioles, & capillaries returning blood to the heart through venules and veins
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What is plasma and what are the formed elements?
formed elements and liquid (erythrocytes-red blood cells), leukocytes (white blood cells), & platelets
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What % water is blood plasma and what are the three important proteins that blood plasma hold?
90% water containing over 100 different chemicals.
- Albumin-prevents water from diffusing out into the tissue
- Globulin-antibodies & proteins that carry lipids, iron, & copper
- Fibrinogen-involved in forming blood clots
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What components of the formed elemebts are not considered true cells?
erythrocytes & platelets (THEY DO NOT UNDERGO MITOSIS)
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What are the job of erythrocytes?
- transport oxygen & carbon dioxide
- - no nucleus or organelles
- - packed with hemoglobin (combination of proteins & iron molecules)
- - collect oxygen at lungs & deliver to tissues then carry CO2 back to lungs
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What are the three important characteristics of red blood cells (erythrocytes)?
1. their convave shape allows for 30% more surface area for carrying oxygen
2. 97% of their content is hemoglibin used for binding both oxygen & CO2
3. They depend on anaerobic respiration thus they do not consume any oxygen
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What is the job of Leukocytes?
true cells that fight disease
- - contain organelles & have ability to divide (Mitosis)
- - ability to travel through blood to a body region that is infected, exit blood stream, & enter site of infection
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What are the 2 type of Leukocytes?
Granulocytes & Agranulocytes
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What are Granulocytes?
- -larger than RBC's, but short lived
- -all these cells are phagocytic (wraps around membrane & brings it in)
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What are the types of Granulocytes?
Neutrophil-most common, makes up 60% of WBC count, 2-6lobed nucleus, destroy cell walls of bacteria, first line of defense of an imflammatory response
Eosinophils-account for 1-4% of WBC in blood, bi-lobed nucleus, contain large vesicles that stain red, involved in ending allergic reactions
Basophils-most rare of all types, makes up 0.5% of WBC count, bi-lobed nucleus, release histamine & other chemicals that signal inflammation
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What is Pus?
collection of dead neutrophils, WBC's, & bacterial debri
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What are Agranulocytes?
do not contain granules of digestive enzymes
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What are the types of Agranulocytes?
Lymphocytes-most important, makes up about 20-45% of WBC count, large purple nucleus when viewed under microscope, specialize in attacking specific foreign molecules reconized as an antigen
Monocytes-contain large nucleus that resembles a kidney, travel through blood stream & transform into macrophages once they enter the tissues
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What are the two main types of lymphocytes?
B-Cells and T-Cells that produce antibodies or attack a foreign cell directly by destroying it.
- B-Cells - produce antibodies & respond to bacterial cells
- T-Cells - respond to antigens presented by the membranes of eukaryotic cells
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What are Platelets?
small cell fragments that broke off larger cells called megakaryocytes or thromvocytes
Their specialty is to release chemicals that cause blood clots.
Note: if a healthy tissue is roughened by scaring, inflammation, or atherosclerosis, platelets will attach forming a blood clot called a thrombus
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What is a thrombus?
a blood clot
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