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Tell the pathway of air through organs from outside the body to the bloodstream
- 1. nose - air comes in, nose lined with hair to catch bad stuff, warms air
- 2. pharynx - both air and food passes through
- 3. epiglottis - keeps food from going into lungs
- 4. larynx - has strings called vocal cords, which allow you to speak
- 5. trachea - traps germs with cilia, made of tough muscle supported by cartilage
- 6. bronchus - branch off like trees
- 7. alveoli - gives air to blood, which takes it throughout body
- 8. diaphragm - muscle that allows you to breathe, it expands and air is pulled into lungs, contracts and air is pushed out
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Tell how to take care of your respiratory system
- don't smoke
- use a dust mask or respirator when doing things that make particles go into the air
- don't exercise when pollution is bad outside
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Describe the differences between asthma and emphysema
- Asthma - caused by organic particles, pollution, food allergies, psychological factors. In an asthma attack, muscles contract around bronchioles and excessive mucus is produced, this blocks airways
- Emphysema - caused by lack of stretching in the alvioli - alvioli start to break down - hard to exhale because air is trapped in the lungs
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What is the pathway of blood in the body?
Heart -> arteries -> arterioles -> capillaries -> venules -> veins -> heart
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Describe arteries
- have muscular walls
- slightly narrower
- carry blood from the heart
- blood is more red because it contains more oxygen
- blood squirts from a cut artery because artery walls help squeeze blood through the body
- blood moves more quickly
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Describe veins
- have thinner, weaker walls
- slightly wider
- carry blood back to the heart
- blood is bluish red because oxygen has been used up
- blood flows slowly from a cut vein
- skeletal muscles around veins help squeeze blood along; valves in veins keep blood from flowing backwards
- blood moves more slowly
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Describe capillaries
- thinner than a hair
- blood moves slowly
- delivers oxygen and nutrients to cells
- picks up CO2
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Know the functions of the circulatory system
- transports things like oxygen, CO2, food, water, hormones, waste
- helps regulate body temperature
- protects the body against invading microorganisms
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What are the four components of blood?
- plasma
- red blood cells
- white blood cells
- platelets
Blood is 55% plasma and 45% cells
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Describe plasma
- clear, watery liquid part of the blood
- carries nutrients and waste
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Describe red blood cells
- almost doughnut-shaped
- mature cells have no nucleus
- red from a protein called hemoglobin, which carries oxygen
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Describe white blood cells
- colorless, have an ameboid shape perform phagocytosis (swallowing up infected or damaged cells)
- form antibodies to help body recognize and fight infections
- release heparin, which keeps the blood from getting too thin
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Describe platelets
- shaped like round disks
- helps blood clot
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How do you care for circulatory system?
- exercise at least 15 minutes/day
- diet: limit saturated fat, which can clog arteries; limit sugar, which can stiffen artery walls; limit salt, which can raise blood pressure
- don't smoke
- brush your teeth to prevent plaque buildup
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What are the differences between a heart attack and a stroke?
Heart attack - the coronary artery becomes blocked, which causes the heart muscle to die. If damage is severe enough, a heart attack can be fatal.
Stroke - blood vessel in the brain is blocked or ruptures. Causes brain damage which can result in impaired speech, movement or death.
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