-
Risk of Cholesterol
Desirable: below
Borderline high:
High: above
- Desirable: below 200 mg/dl
- Borderline high: 200 to 239 mg/dl
- High: above 240 mg/dl
-
Fat-soluble vitamins
examples
- These are vitamins that are only soluble in fat
- but not water.
- A, D, E, and K
-
Water-soluble vitamins
example
- Not stored in body
- C and B complex
-
Vitamin A
Source
Function
- Fish liver oils, Yellow vegetables, Yellow fruits, Egg Yolk, Whole milk
- Regenerates Visual purple necessary for good vision
- Formation of bones and teeth
- maintains skin and mucous membranes
-
Vitamin A
Deficiency Symptoms
- Night blindness
- Retardation of skeletal growth
- Dry, Scaly skin
- Dry mucous membranes
- Susceptibility to epithelial infection
- Xerophthalmia (corneal cells become opaque, slough off can lead to blindness
-
Vitamin D
Source
Function
- Sunshine, Fish liver oils, Fortified milk
- Regulates calcium and phosphorus absorption and metabolism
- Essential for normal formation of bones and teeth
-
Vitamin D Deficiency
- Lowered levels of calcium and phosphorus in blood
- Rickets
- Soft bones
- malformed teeth
-
Vitamin E
Source
Function
- Wheat germ, Vegetable oils, Dark-green, leafy vegetable
- Preserves integrity of RBCs
- Antioxidant (protects materials that oxidize easily)
- Protect function and structure of the muscle
-
Vitamin E
- Increased hemolysis (breakdown) of RBC
- Anemia
- Breakdown of vitamin A and essential fatty acid
-
Vitamin K
Source
Function
- Synthesis by intestinal bacteria , Green, leafy vegetables, Pork liver
- Formation of prothrombin necessary in blood clothing
-
Vitamin K
Deficiency
- Prolonged clothing time leading to bleeding tendencies
- Hemorrhagic diseases
-
Vitamin C
Sources
Function
- Citrus fruits, Tomatoes, Broccoli, Green peppers Strawberries, Cantaloupes, Potatoes
- Formation and maintenance of capillary walls and Collagen formation
- Aids in absorption of iron
-
Vitamin C Deficiency
- Scurvy (deficiency disease)
- Tendency to bruise easily
- Poor wound healing
- Anemia
- sore gums
-
Vitamin B1
Sources
Function
- Wheat germ, Whole or enriched grains, Legumes
- Pork and organ meats
- Maintains carbohydrate metabolism
- Maintains muscle and nerve functioning
- Maintain appetite
-
Vitamin B2
Deficiency
- Sensitivity to light, dim vision
- Inflammation of lips and tongue
- Cheilosis
- Loss of appetite and weight
-
Vitamin B6
Sources
Functions
- Red meats (especially organ meats), Whole grain cereals, Pork, Lamb, Veal
- Synthesis and metabolism of proteins
- Hemoglobin synthesis
- Maintenance of muscles and nerves
-
Vitamin B6
Deficiency
- Nausea, vomiting, anorexia, anemia
- Irritability, CNS dysfunction, kidney stones
- Dermatitis, INH can cause deficiency
-
Vitamin B12
Sources
Function
- Found only in animal products
- Protein metabolism
- Production of RBC’s
- Nervous system function
-
Vitamin B12
Deficiency
Pernicious anemia (resulting from lack of intrinsic Factor needed for vitamin B12 absorption)
-
Niacin (nicotinic acid)
Sources
Function
- Meats especially organ meat, Poultry and fish, Peanut butterEssential for normal functioning of digestive
- and nervous systems
- Essential for growth and metabolism
-
Niacin (nicotinic acid) Deficiency
- Pellagra (deficiency diseases)
- Nervous disorders
- Diarrhea and nausea
- Dermatitis
-
Folic acid (folacin) Functions
- Essential in formation of all body cells, especially RBC’s
- Protein metabolism
-
Folic acid (folacin) Deficiency
- Anemia (macrocytic)
- Gastrointestinal disturbances
- Glossitis
- Stomatitis
-
Sodium (Na)
Function
Sources
Salt , Baking powder and soda , Dairy products, Meat, fish and poultry, Range of 500 to 2400 mg daily
- Regulation of acid base balance
Fluid balance Nerve transmission and muscle contraction - Glucose
- absorption
-
-
Sodium (Na) Deficiency
- Nausea and vomiting
- Apathy
- Exhaustion
- Abdominal and muscle cramps
-
CALCIUM
Sources
Function
Milk and milk products Cheese Some green, leafy vegetables (turnips, collards,kale, broccoli) Bone and tooth formation Blood clotting Muscle (including heart muscle) contraction Nerve transmission Cell wall permeability
-
CALCIUM
Deficiency
- Poor bone and tooth formationRickets (deficiency disease)Stunted growthOsteoporosisPoor blood clotting
- Tetany
-
Phosphorous
Sources
Function
- Milk and cheese
- Meat
- Egg yolk
- Whole grains (diet adequate in protein and Ca should be adequate in P)
- Functions as calcium phosphate in the calcification of teeth and bones
-
Energy metabolism-
Regulation of acid base balance-
Cell structure and enzyme activity
-
Phosphorous
(P): Deficiency
- Poor bone and tooth formation
- Rickets (deficiency disease)
- Retarded growth
- Weakness
- anorexia
-
Potassium (K)
Sources
Functions
- Meat fish and poultry
- Whole grain breads and cereals
- Fruits (oranges, bananas)
- Green leafy vegetables
- Regulates nerve conduction and muscle
- contraction
-
Necessary for regular heart rhythm-
Fluid and acid base balance-
Cell metabolism - Deficiency
-
-
Chlorine
Sources
Function
- Table salt (NaCl)Formation of hydrochloric acid and maintenance
- of gastric acidity
- Maintenance of acid base balance, osmotic
- pressure and water balance
-
Magnesium (Mg)
Source
Function
- Green leafy vegetables
- Legumes
- Milk
- Whole grains
- Component of bones and teeth
- Enzymes essential in general metabolism
- Conduction of nerve impulses
- Muscle contraction
-
Magnesium (Mg)
Deficiency
Tremors leading to convulsive seizures
-
Sulfur (S)
Sources
Functions
Protein foods, Meat, Milk, Eggs, Cheese, Nuts and legumes
-
Iron (Fe+) Absorption enhanced by
vitamin c
-
Iron (Fe+)
sources
function
- Organ meats especially liver
- Egg yolk
- Green leafy vegetables
- Lean red meats
- Dried fruits (apricots, raisins)
- Synthesis of hemoglobin
- General metabolic activities
-
Iron(Fe+) Deficiency
Anemia
-
Iodine
source
function
- Iodized salt , Saltwater fish
- Normal functioning of thyroid gland
-
Zinc (Zn)
Sources
Function
- Oysters, Liver, High protein foods
- Assists in regulation of cell growth
- Protein synthesis
-
Zinc (Zn) Deficiency
- Impaired wound healing
- Poor taste sensitivity
- Retarded sexual and physical development
-
Copper(Cu)
source
function
- Liver, Cocoa, Nuts, Raisins
- Aids in absorption of Iron
- Component of hemoglobin
- Component of enzymes
-
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